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Functional disorder
Diagnostic strategy of irritable bowel syndrome: a low- and middle-income country perspective
Amal Arifi Hidayat, Langgeng Agung Waskito, Titong Sugihartono, Hafeza Aftab, Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha, Ratha-korn Vilaichone, Muhammad Miftahussurur
Intest Res 2024;22(3):286-296.   Published online March 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00199
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with substantial impairment which considerably burdens healthcare systems worldwide. Research on IBS has largely been conducted in high-income countries posing barriers to the application of diagnostic strategies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to differences in disease characteristics, healthcare resources, and socioeconomic factors. This review discusses the diagnostic issues associated with LMICs. We present a concise overview of the relevant approaches and propose a diagnostic strategy based on the latest evidence. A positive diagnostic strategy that relies on appropriate symptom-based criteria is crucial within the diagnostic framework. A combination of complete blood count, fecal occult blood test, and complete stool test may reliably identify individuals with suspected IBS who are more likely to have organic diseases, thus justifying the necessity for a colonoscopy. Eventually, we developed a diagnostic algorithm based on a limited setting perspective that summarizes the available evidence and may be applied in LMICs.
  • 1,794 View
  • 193 Download
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Colorectal neoplasia
Pathogenesis and biomarkers of colorectal cancer by epigenetic alteration
Chang Kyo Oh, Young-Seok Cho
Intest Res 2024;22(2):131-151.   Published online February 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00115
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. CRC tumorigenesis results from a cumulative set of genetic and epigenetic alterations, disrupting cancer-regulatory processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death, invasion, and metastasis. Key epigenetic modifications observed in cancers encompass abnormal DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications, and irregularities in noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. The advancement in genomic technologies has positioned these genetic and epigenetic shifts as potential clinical biomarkers for CRC patients. This review concisely covers the fundamental principles of CRC-associated epigenetic changes, and examines in detail their emerging role as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.
  • 3,579 View
  • 179 Download
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Colorectal neoplasia
Screening and surveillance for hereditary colorectal cancer
Hee Man Kim, Tae Il Kim
Intest Res 2024;22(2):119-130.   Published online February 6, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00112
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Hereditary colorectal cancer is a type of cancer that is caused by a genetic mutation. Individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, or who have a known hereditary syndrome, are at an increased risk of developing the disease. Screening and surveillance are important tools for managing the risk of hereditary colorectal cancer. Screening involves a combination of tests that can detect precancerous or cancerous changes in the colon and rectum. Surveillance involves regular follow-up examinations to monitor disease progression and to identify new developments. The frequency and type of screening and surveillance tests may vary depending on an individual’s risk factors, genetic profile, and medical history. However, early detection and treatment of hereditary colorectal cancer can significantly improve patient outcomes and reduce mortality rates. By implementing comprehensive screening and surveillance strategies, healthcare providers can help individuals at risk of hereditary colorectal cancer to receive timely interventions and make informed decisions about their health. Specific examples of screening and surveillance tests for hereditary colorectal cancer include colonoscopy, genetic testing, and imaging tests. In this review article, we will discuss detailed screening and surveillance of hereditary colorectal cancer.
  • 2,583 View
  • 181 Download
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IBD
The practice of fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease
Umang Arora, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Intest Res 2024;22(1):44-64.   Published online November 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00085
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Current evidence posits a central role for gut microbiota and the metabolome in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been established as a means to manipulate this microbiome safely and sustainably. Several aspects of the technical improvement including pretreatment with antibiotics, use of frozen stool samples as well as short donor-to-recipient time are proposed to improve its response rates. Its efficacy in ulcerative colitis has been proven in clinical trials while data is emerging for Crohn’s disease. This review describes briefly the biology behind FMT, the available evidence for its use in IBD, and the host, recipient and procedural factors which determine the clinical outcomes.

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  • Perception of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis in Korea: a KASID multicenter study
    Jebyung Park, Sung Noh Hong, Hong Sub Lee, Jongbeom Shin, Eun Hye Oh, Kwangwoo Nam, Gyeol Seong, Hyun Gun Kim, Jin-Oh Kim, Seong Ran Jeon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(5): 783.     CrossRef
  • 3,464 View
  • 304 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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IBD
Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
Himani Pandey, Dheeraj Jain, Daryl W. T. Tang, Sunny H. Wong, Devi Lal
Intest Res 2024;22(1):15-43.   Published online November 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00080
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.

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  • Editorial: Environments-pathogens-the gut microbiota and host diseases
    Jinbo Xiong, Zunji Shi
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endoplasmic reticulum stress: A possible connection between intestinal inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders
    Giorgio Vivacqua, Romina Mancinelli, Stefano Leone, Rosa Vaccaro, Ludovica Garro, Simone Carotti, Ludovica Ceci, Paolo Onori, Luigi Pannarale, Antonio Franchitto, Eugenio Gaudio, Arianna Casini
    Neurogastroenterology & Motility.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances in Precision Medicine Approaches for Colorectal Cancer: From Molecular Profiling to Targeted Therapies
    Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran, Chandrashekar Yashaswini, Rahul Maheshwari, Sankha Bhattacharya, Bhupendra G. Prajapati
    ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science.2024; 7(4): 967.     CrossRef
  • Healing from Within: How Gut Microbiota Predicts IBD Treatment Success—A Systematic Review
    Luana Alexandrescu, Alina Doina Nicoara, Doina Ecaterina Tofolean, Alexandra Herlo, Andreea Nelson Twakor, Cristina Tocia, Anamaria Trandafir, Andrei Dumitru, Eugen Dumitru, Cristian Florentin Aftenie, Ionela Preotesoiu, Elena Dina, Ioan Tiberiu Tofolean
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(15): 8451.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Mutant and Engineered High-Acetate-Producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii Strains in Dextran Sodium Sulphate-Induced Colitis
    Sara Deleu, Inge Jacobs, Jorge F. Vazquez Castellanos, Sare Verstockt, Bruna Trindade de Carvalho, Ana Subotić, Bram Verstockt, Kaline Arnauts, Lowie Deprez, Eva Vissers, Matthias Lenfant, Greet Vandermeulen, Gert De Hertogh, Kristin Verbeke, Gianluca Mat
    Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2668.     CrossRef
  • The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease
    Xiu Wang, Jianhua Peng, Peipei Cai, Yuxuan Xia, Chengxue Yi, Anquan Shang, Francis Atim Akanyibah, Fei Mao
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 179: 117302.     CrossRef
  • 6,845 View
  • 411 Download
  • 8 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
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IBD
Precision medicine in inflammatory bowel diseases
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Intest Res 2024;22(1):8-14.   Published online November 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00087
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel diseases comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have emerged as global diseases. Multiple distinct therapeutic mechanisms have allowed us to increase our rates of achieving remission and reducing permanent disease-related morbidity. However, there is limited data to inform relative positioning of different therapies. This review will summarize existing literature on use of clinical decision models to inform relative efficacy of one therapeutic mechanism compared to the other given individual patient characteristics. It will also demonstrate the value of serologic, transcriptomic (from biopsies), and microbiome-based biomarkers in identifying which therapy is most likely to work for a given patient. We will review the existing gaps in the literature in this field and suggest a path forward for future studies to better inform patient care, incorporating the principles of precision medicine in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.

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  • Editorial: Another brick in the CDST wall: Authors' reply
    Kyuwon Kim, Byong Duk Ye
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2024; 60(1): 87.     CrossRef
  • Cytokine Profile in Predicting the Effectiveness of Advanced Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Narrative Review
    Hiroki Kurumi, Yoshihiro Yokoyama, Takehiro Hirano, Kotaro Akita, Yuki Hayashi, Tomoe Kazama, Hajime Isomoto, Hiroshi Nakase
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(5): 952.     CrossRef
  • Revolutionizing Gastrointestinal Disorder Management: Cutting-Edge Advances and Future Prospects
    Chahat Suri, Babita Pande, Tarun Sahu, Lakkakula Suhasini Sahithi, Henu Kumar Verma
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(13): 3977.     CrossRef
  • 2,724 View
  • 282 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Colorectal neoplasia
Summary and comparison of recently updated post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines
Yoon Suk Jung
Intest Res 2023;21(4):443-451.   Published online October 26, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00107
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Recently, updated guidelines for post-polypectomy surveillance have been published by the U.S. Multi‐Society Task Force (USMSTF), the British Society of Gastroenterology/Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland/Public Health England (BSG/ACPGBI/PHE), the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE), the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES), and the Korean Multi-Society Taskforce Committee. This review summarizes and compares the updated recommendations of these 5 guidelines. There are some differences between the guidelines for the recommended post-polypectomy surveillance intervals. In particular, there are prominent differences between the guidelines for 1–4 tubular adenomas < 10 mm with low-grade dysplasia (nonadvanced adenomas [NAAs]) and tubulovillous or villous adenomas. The USMSTF, JGES, and Korean guidelines recommend colonoscopic surveillance for patients with 1–4 NAAs and those with tubulovillous or villous adenomas, whereas the BSG/ACPGBI/PHE and ESGE guidelines do not recommend endoscopic surveillance for such patients. Surveillance recommendations for patients with serrated polyps (SPs) are limited. Although the USMSTF guidelines provide specific recommendations for patients who have undergone SPs removal, these are weak and based on very lowquality evidence. Future studies should examine this topic to better guide the surveillance recommendations for patients with SPs. For countries that do not have separate guidelines, we hope that this review article will help select the most appropriate guidelines as per each country’s healthcare environment.

Citations

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  • Causal association between telomere length and colorectal polyps: A bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
    Yin Zhang, Jiaying Wang, Mingyu Zheng, Huanwei Qu, Shuya Yang, Fuzhou Han, Nan Yao, Wenqiang Li, Jun Qu
    Medicine.2024; 103(1): e36867.     CrossRef
  • Screening and surveillance for hereditary colorectal cancer
    Hee Man Kim, Tae Il Kim
    Intestinal Research.2024; 22(2): 119.     CrossRef
  • Screening and Surveillance of Colorectal Cancer: A Review of the Literature
    Marcello Maida, Dushyant Singh Dahiya, Yash R. Shah, Angad Tiwari, Harishankar Gopakumar, Ishaan Vohra, Aqsa Khan, Fouad Jaber, Daryl Ramai, Antonio Facciorusso
    Cancers.2024; 16(15): 2746.     CrossRef
  • 2,344 View
  • 172 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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Microbiota
Gut microbiome on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and consequent immune-related colitis: a review
Sung Wook Hwang, Min Kyu Kim, Mi-Na Kweon
Intest Res 2023;21(4):433-442.   Published online August 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00019
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced malignancies. Recently, convincing evidence has shown meaningful influence of gut microbiome on human immune system. With the complex link between gut microbiome, host immunity and cancer, the variations in the gut microbiota may influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Indeed, some bacterial species have been reported to be predictive for cancer outcome in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently proven to be an effective anti-tumor treatment, they can induce a distinct form of toxicity, termed immune-related adverse events. Immune-related colitis is one of the common toxicities from immune checkpoint inhibitors, and it might preclude the cancer therapy in severe or refractory cases. The manipulation of gut microbiome by fecal microbiota transplantation or probiotics administration has been suggested as one of the methods to enhance anti-tumor effects and decrease the risk of immune-related colitis. Here we review the role of gut microbiome on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and consequent immune-related colitis to provide a new insight for better anti-cancer therapy.

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  • Date yogurt supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) encapsulated in wild sage (Salvia macrosiphon) mucilage and sodium alginate by extrusion: The survival and viability against the gastrointestinal condition, cold storage, heat, and salt wi
    Mahsa Abbasi Saadi, Seyed Saeed Sekhavatizadeh, Hassan Barzegar, Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani, Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
    Food Science & Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Toxicity in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
    Synat Keam, Naimah Turner, Fernanda G. Kugeratski, Rene Rico, Jocelynn Colunga-Minutti, Rayansh Poojary, Sayan Alekseev, Anisha B. Patel, Yuanteng Jeff Li, Ajay Sheshadri, Monica E. Loghin, Karin Woodman, Ashley E. Aaroe, Sarah Hamidi, Priyanka Chandrasek
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 2,943 View
  • 291 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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IBD
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
Intest Res 2023;21(4):420-432.   Published online September 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00039
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive cholestatic, inflammatory, and fibrotic disease that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PSC-IBD represents a unique disease entity and patients with this disease have an increased risk of malignancy development, such as colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. The pathogenesis of PSC-IBD involves genetic and environmental factors such as gut dysbiosis and bile acids alteration. However, despite the advancement of disease characteristics, no effective medical therapy has proven to have a significant impact on the prognosis of PSC. The treatment options for patients with PSC-IBD do not differ from those for patients with PSC alone. Potential candidate drugs have been developed based on the pathogenesis of PSC-IBD, such as those that target modulation of bile acids, inflammation, fibrosis, and gut dysbiosis. In this review, we summarize the current medical treatments for PSC-IBD and the status of new emerging therapeutic agents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Novel preclinical developments of the primary sclerosing cholangitis treatment landscape
    Aalam Sohal, Kris V. Kowdley
    Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.2024; 33(4): 335.     CrossRef
  • Gut Microbiota in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From Prognostic Role to Therapeutic Implications
    Valeria Maccauro, Francesca Fianchi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana Ponziani
    Digestive Diseases.2024; 42(4): 369.     CrossRef
  • Global research trends on the relationship between IBD and CRC: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023
    Hao Zhang, Huiru Xin, Mengqi Zhao, Chenyang Bi, Yafei Xiao, Yifan Li, Changjiang Qin
    Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Halitosis: an underestimated but important extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease
    Xiao Xian Qian
    Intestinal Research.2024; 22(3): 387.     CrossRef
  • 4,440 View
  • 612 Download
  • 4 Web of Science
  • 4 Crossref
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IBD
Does caffeine have a double-edged sword role in inflammation and carcinogenesis in the colon?
Emiko Mizoguchi, Takayuki Sadanaga, Toshiyuki Okada, Takanori Minagawa, Jun Akiba
Intest Res 2023;21(3):306-317.   Published online April 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00118
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, also abbreviated to CAF) is a natural chemical with stimulant effects and is commonly included in many drinks and foods, including coffee, tea, cola, energy drinks, cocoa, chocolates, and so on. Our group previously reported that oral administration of CAF efficiently suppressed the development of intestinal inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine acute colitis model by suppressing the expression of chitinase 3-like 1, one of the mammalian chitinases without enzymatic activity. Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that break down chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, and chitinase-like proteins have no enzymatic activity with preserving chitin-binding ability. CAF binds a cleft of the chitinase active site and plays a role as a pan-chitinase inhibitor. Although CAF showed an anti-inflammatory effect in the above model, oral administration of low-dose CAF with 10% sucrose showed potentially neoplastic effects in colonic epithelial cells in a DSS-induced murine chronic colitis model. In this review, we would like to discuss the pros and cons of coffee/CAF in colonic inflammation and neoplasia with an example of pathological finding.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Evaluation of the effect of roasting and digestion on biological activity of compounds of coffee extracts - in vitro assessment of the bioavailability, cytoprotective properties and modulation of inflammatory response
    Joanna Grzelczyk, Grażyna Budryn, Dominik Szwajgier, Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik, Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
    Food Chemistry.2024; 460: 140648.     CrossRef
  • Recently Updated Role of Chitinase 3-like 1 on Various Cell Types as a Major Influencer of Chronic Inflammation
    Emiko Mizoguchi, Takayuki Sadanaga, Linda Nanni, Siyuan Wang, Atsushi Mizoguchi
    Cells.2024; 13(8): 678.     CrossRef
  • 4,073 View
  • 229 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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IBD
Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease: novel experiments for revealing pathogenesis of colitis, fibrosis, and colitis-associated colon cancer
Chan Hyung Lee, Seong-Joon Koh, Zaher A Radi, Aida Habtezion
Intest Res 2023;21(3):295-305.   Published online May 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00029
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a lifelong disease that manifests with chronic intestinal inflammation, sequential fibrosis, and an increased risk of colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC). The combined effects of genetic, immunological, environmental, and microbial factors render it difficult to determine the specific mechanism underlying the induction and perpetuation of IBD. Various animal models of IBD have contributed enormously to the understanding of IBD pathogenesis in terms of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, microbiome, and drug development of novel therapeutics. Although comprehensive research on IBD has been enabled by advanced technologies, such as genetically engineered models, there is a great need to develop relevant in vivo models of colitis and fibrosis. Here, we review 4 categories of animal models of acute and chronic intestinal inflammation, fibrosis, and CAC: chemically induced, genetically engineered, T cell transfer, and spontaneous gene mutation models.

Citations

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  • Approaches, Strategies and Procedures for Identifying Anti-Inflammatory Drug Lead Molecules from Natural Products
    Tenzin Jamtsho, Karma Yeshi, Matthew J. Perry, Alex Loukas, Phurpa Wangchuk
    Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(3): 283.     CrossRef
  • Strategies for targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease
    Markus F. Neurath
    Nature Reviews Immunology.2024; 24(8): 559.     CrossRef
  • Inhibiting the cGAS-STING Pathway in Ulcerative Colitis with Programmable Micelles
    Saji Uthaman, Shadi Parvinroo, Ansuja Pulickal Mathew, Xinglin Jia, Belen Hernandez, Alexandra Proctor, Karuna Anna Sajeevan, Ariel Nenninger, Mary-Jane Long, In-Kyu Park, Ratul Chowdhury, Gregory J. Phillips, Michael J. Wannemuehler, Rizia Bardhan
    ACS Nano.2024; 18(19): 12117.     CrossRef
  • Targeting cyclooxygenase-2 for chemoprevention of inflammation-associated intestinal carcinogenesis: An update
    Kyung-Soo Chun, Eun-Hee Kim, Do-Hee Kim, Na-Young Song, Wonki Kim, Hye-Kyung Na, Young-Joon Surh
    Biochemical Pharmacology.2024; : 116259.     CrossRef
  • Lactobacillus paracasei Jlus66 relieves DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in a murine model by maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, inhibiting inflammation, and improving intestinal microbiota structure
    Fazheng Yu, Xiaoxu Wang, Honglin Ren, Jiang Chang, Jian Guo, Zhaoqi He, Ruoran Shi, Xueyu Hu, Yuanyuan Jin, Shiying Lu, Yansong Li, Zengshan Liu, Pan Hu
    European Journal of Nutrition.2024; 63(6): 2185.     CrossRef
  • Predictors of histologic remission in patients with biologic-naïve, moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis treated with first-line biologic agents and small-molecule drugs: a single-center, retrospective cohort study
    Kijae Jo, Kwang Woo Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim, Seong-Joon Koh
    Intestinal Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Interventional Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum Hfy04 Isolated from Naturally Fermented Yak Yogurt on Oxazolone-Induced Colitis in BALB/c Mice
    Haitao Zheng, Xiaoli Ping, Ruizi Wu, Cen Lei, Huijia Mao, Yanni Pan, Yongpeng He, Xin Zhao
    International Journal of Pharmacology.2024; 20(5): 817.     CrossRef
  • Inhibition of myeloperoxidase by food-derived peptides: A review of current research and future prospects
    Fai-Chu Wong, Yit-Lai Chow, Sheri-Ann Tan, Lingmin Tian, Weibin Bai, Tsun-Thai Chai
    Food Bioscience.2024; 60: 104458.     CrossRef
  • Deciphering Microbial Composition in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Implications for Therapeutic Response to Biologic Agents
    Orazio Palmieri, Fabrizio Bossa, Stefano Castellana, Tiziana Latiano, Sonia Carparelli, Giuseppina Martino, Manuel Mangoni, Giuseppe Corritore, Marianna Nardella, Maria Guerra, Giuseppe Biscaglia, Francesco Perri, Tommaso Mazza, Anna Latiano
    Microorganisms.2024; 12(7): 1260.     CrossRef
  • Protective effect of freeze-dried extract of Persicaria bistorta Samp. on acetic acid-induced colitis model in rats: Involvement of nitric oxide and opioid system
    Niusha Esmaealzadeh, Amirhossein Abdolghaffari, Maryam Baeeri, Maede Hasanpour, Mehrdad Iranshahi, Cristina Santarcangelo, Mahdi Gholami, Roodabeh Bahramsoltani
    Inflammopharmacology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Advances in Vascular Diagnostics using Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) for Blood Circulation Assessment
    Marisa O Pacheco, Isabelle K Gerzenshtein, Whitney L Stoppel, Carlos M Rinaldi‐Ramos
    Advanced Healthcare Materials.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Estrogen Receptor β Activation Mitigates Colitis-associated Intestinal Fibrosis via Inhibition of TGF-β/Smad and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathways
    Fangmei Ling, Yidong Chen, Junrong Li, Mingyang Xu, Gengqing Song, Lei Tu, Huan Wang, Shuang Li, Liangru Zhu
    Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immunomodulatory Effects of a Probiotic Mixture: Alleviating Colitis in a Mouse Model through Modulation of Cell Activation Markers and the Gut Microbiota
    Hye-Myung Ryu, S. M. Shamsul Islam, Bushra Riaz, Hasan M. Sayeed, Bunsoon Choi, Seonghyang Sohn
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(16): 8571.     CrossRef
  • Gut Microbiome and Colorectal Cancer
    Tae-Geun Gweon
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 82(2): 56.     CrossRef
  • Mitochondrial dysfunctions in T cells: focus on inflammatory bowel disease
    Hoyul Lee, Jae-Han Jeon, Eun Soo Kim
    Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 4,930 View
  • 302 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • 15 Crossref
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IBD
Artificial intelligence in inflammatory bowel disease: implications for clinical practice and future directions
Harris A. Ahmad, James E. East, Remo Panaccione, Simon Travis, James B. Canavan, Keith Usiskin, Michael F. Byrne
Intest Res 2023;21(3):283-294.   Published online April 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00020
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease encompasses Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis and is characterized by uncontrolled, relapsing, and remitting course of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Artificial intelligence represents a new era within the field of gastroenterology, and the amount of research surrounding artificial intelligence in patients with inflammatory bowel disease is on the rise. As clinical trial outcomes and treatment targets evolve in inflammatory bowel disease, artificial intelligence may prove as a valuable tool for providing accurate, consistent, and reproducible evaluations of endoscopic appearance and histologic activity, thereby optimizing the diagnosis process and identifying disease severity. Furthermore, as the applications of artificial intelligence for inflammatory bowel disease continue to expand, they may present an ideal opportunity for improving disease management by predicting treatment response to biologic therapies and for refining the standard of care by setting the basis for future treatment personalization and cost reduction. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the unmet needs in the management of inflammatory bowel disease in clinical practice and how artificial intelligence tools can address these gaps to transform patient care.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The Histological Detection of Ulcerative Colitis Using a No-Code Artificial Intelligence Model
    Yuichiro Hamamoto, Michihiro Kawamura, Hiroki Uchida, Kazuhiro Hiramatsu, Chiaki Katori, Hinako Asai, Shigeki Shimizu, Satoshi Egawa, Kyotaro Yoshida
    International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(5): 890.     CrossRef
  • Could histologic healing be a new treatment target in patients with ulcerative colitis?
    Soyoung Kim, Sang Hyoung Park
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(1): 2.     CrossRef
  • Machine learning in the assessment and management of acute gastrointestinal bleeding
    Gaurav Bhaskar Nigam, Michael F Murphy, Simon P L Travis, Adrian J Stanley
    BMJ Medicine.2024; 3(1): e000699.     CrossRef
  • The Role of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis
    Petar Uchikov, Usman Khalid, Nikola Vankov, Maria Kraeva, Krasimir Kraev, Bozhidar Hristov, Milena Sandeva, Snezhanka Dragusheva, Dzhevdet Chakarov, Petko Petrov, Bistra Dobreva-Yatseva, Ivan Novakov
    Diagnostics.2024; 14(10): 1004.     CrossRef
  • Artificial intelligence and endo-histo-omics: new dimensions of precision endoscopy and histology in inflammatory bowel disease
    Marietta Iacucci, Giovanni Santacroce, Irene Zammarchi, Yasuharu Maeda, Rocío Del Amor, Pablo Meseguer, Bisi Bode Kolawole, Ujwala Chaudhari, Antonio Di Sabatino, Silvio Danese, Yuichi Mori, Enrico Grisan, Valery Naranjo, Subrata Ghosh
    The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2024; 9(8): 758.     CrossRef
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    Chenfei Ren, Yunxian Zhou, Qian Cai, Mi Zhou
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    Seung-Joo Nam, Gwiseong Moon, Jung-Hwan Park, Yoon Kim, Yun Jeong Lim, Hyun-Soo Choi
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(8): 1704.     CrossRef
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    Jung Won Lee, Dongwon Woo, Kyeong Ok Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Sung Kook Kim, Hyun Seok Lee, Ben Kang, Yoo Jin Lee, Jeongseok Kim, Byung Ik Jang, Eun Young Kim, Hyeong Ho Jo, Yun Jin Chung, Hanjun Ryu, Soo-Kyung Park, Dong-Il Park, Hosang Yu, Sungmoon Jeong
    American Journal of Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Potential Oral Microbial Markers for Differential Diagnosis of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis Using Machine Learning Models
    Sang-Bum Kang, Hyeonwoo Kim, Sangsoo Kim, Jiwon Kim, Soo-Kyung Park, Chil-Woo Lee, Kyeong Ok Kim, Geom-Seog Seo, Min Suk Kim, Jae Myung Cha, Ja Seol Koo, Dong-Il Park
    Microorganisms.2023; 11(7): 1665.     CrossRef
  • 4,756 View
  • 341 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
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Functional bowel disorder
An Asian perspective on irritable bowel syndrome
Kee Wook Jung, Seung-Jae Myung
Intest Res 2023;21(2):189-195.   Published online May 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00136
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent chronic disorder, and its epidemiology depends on the diagnostic criteria used. Recently, the Rome IV criteria for IBS were published by changing the frequency of abdominal pain and excluding abdominal discomfort from the previously used Rome III criteria. However, the recent Asian consensus on IBS recommends the inclusion of abdominal discomfort and abdominal pain as diagnostic criteria. The low fermentable oligo-, di-, mono-saccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet has been proven to be effective in Western patients. Moreover, recent well-designed studies reported its effectiveness and the microbial changes after implementing it in Asian patients with IBS. However, traditional Korean foods including kimchi, one of representative FODMAP-rich food, exhibited a poor correlation with the food-related symptoms of IBS. Therefore, the low FODMAP diet protocol should be cautiously applied to IBS patients, especially to Korean patients with IBS. In Asian countries, there are lots of traditional herbal medicines and treatments for IBS; however, these studies have limitations including the heterogeneity of herbal mixtures and relatively small sample size. Therefore, well-designed studies based on large samples are required to validate complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of Asian patients with IBS.

Citations

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  • The Role of Diet in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review
    Maleesha Jayasinghe , Vinuri Karunanayake, Ali Mohtashim, Dilushini Caldera , Piyalka Mendis , Omesh Prathiraja, Fatemeh Rashidi, John A Damianos
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    Yamei Ran, Kangqi Wu, Chenglin Hu, Renzheng Liang, Li Zhang, Juan Xiao, Yongmei Peng, Wenjing Sun
    Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ji Young Choi, Jihye Yun, Subin Heo, Dong Wook Kim, Sang Hyun Choi, Jiyoung Yoon, Kyuwon Kim, Kee Wook Jung, Seung-Jae Myung
    Korean Journal of Radiology.2023; 24(11): 1093.     CrossRef
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    Ji Young Chang
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Effectiveness of Medilac-S as an Adjuvant to Conventional Irritable Bowel Syndrome Treatments: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
    Annie Tremblay, Xiaoyu Xu, James Colee, Thomas A. Tompkins, Sylvie Binda
    Gastroenterology Insights.2023; 14(4): 491.     CrossRef
  • Comments on Efficacy of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei DKGF1 and Opuntia humifusa in Elderly Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
    Kwang Woo Kim
    Gut and Liver.2023; 17(6): 954.     CrossRef
  • 4,308 View
  • 599 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 6 Crossref
Close layer
IBD
First aid with color atlas for the use of intestinal ultrasound for inflammatory bowel disease in daily clinical practice
Jun Miyoshi, Hiromu Morikubo, Hiromi Yonezawa, Hideaki Mori, Tadakazu Hisamatsu
Intest Res 2023;21(2):177-188.   Published online April 28, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00003
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is a promising modality for the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has the potential to particularly contribute in monitoring disease activity, an advantage crucial for optimizing the therapeutic strategy. While many IBD physicians appreciate and are interested in the use of IUS for IBD, currently only a limited number of facilities can employ this examination in daily clinical practice. A lack of guidance is one of the major barriers to introducing this procedure. Standardized protocols and assessment criteria are needed such that IUS for IBD can be considered a feasible, reliable examination in clinical practice, and multicenter clinical studies can be conducted for further clinical evidence of the application of IUS in IBD for best patient care. In this article, we provide an overview of how to start IUS for IBD and introduce basic procedures. Furthermore, IUS images from our practice are provided as a color atlas for understanding sonographic findings and scoring systems. We anticipate this “first aid” article will be helpful to promote IUS for IBD in daily practice.

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  • A combination of bowel wall thickness and submucosa index is useful for estimating endoscopic improvement in ulcerative colitis: external validation of the Kyorin Ultrasound Criterion
    Haruka Komatsu, Hiromu Morikubo, Yoko Kimura, Chihiro Moue, Hiromi Yonezawa, Minoru Matsuura, Jun Miyoshi, Tadakazu Hisamatsu
    Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 59(3): 209.     CrossRef
  • Early Sonographic Improvement Predicts Clinical Remission and Mucosal Healing With Molecular-Targeted Drugs in Ulcerative Colitis
    Yoko Kimura, Jun Miyoshi, Hiromu Morikubo, Haruka Komatsu, Chihiro Moue, Hiromi Yonezawa, Minoru Matsuura, Tadakazu Hisamatsu
    Gastro Hep Advances.2024; 3(6): 703.     CrossRef
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    Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Agnes Hiu Yan Ho, Siew Chien Ng
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,331 View
  • 299 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
Close layer
IBD
Korean clinical practice guidelines on biologics and small molecules for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis
Soo-Young Na, Chang Hwan Choi, Eun Mi Song, Ki Bae Bang, Sang Hyoung Park, Eun Soo Kim, Jae Jun Park, Bora Keum, Chang Kyun Lee, Bo-In Lee, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Seong-Joon Koh, Miyoung Choi, Joo Sung Kim, on behalf of the IBD Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Intest Res 2023;21(1):61-87.   Published online May 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00007
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Ulcerative colitis (UC), a relapsing-remitting chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has a variable natural course but potentially severe disease course. Since the development of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents has changed the natural disease course of moderate-to-severe UC, therapeutic options for patients who failed conventional treatments are expanding rapidly. IBD clinical trials have demonstrated the potential efficacy and safety of novel biologics such as anti-integrin α4β7 and anti-interleukin-12/23 monoclonal antibodies and small molecules such as a Janus kinase inhibitor. Anti-TNF biosimilars also have been approved and are widely used in IBD patients. Wise drug choices should be made considering evidence-based efficacy and safety. However, the best position of these drugs remains several questions, with limited data from direct comparative trials. In addition, there are still concerns to be elucidated on the effect of therapeutic drug monitoring and combination therapy with immunomodulators. The appropriate treatment regimens in acute severe UC and the risk of perioperative use of biologics are unclear. As novel biologics and small molecules have been approved in Korea, we present the Korean guidelines for medical management of adult outpatients with moderate-to-severe UC and adult hospitalized patients with acute severe UC, focusing on biologics and small molecules.

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    Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism.2024; 65: 152362.     CrossRef
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    Kijae Jo, Kwang Woo Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim, Seong-Joon Koh
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    Jiyoung Yoon, Seung Wook Hong, Kyung-Do Han, Seung-Woo Lee, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Nayoung Kim, Dong Ho Lee, Joo Sung Kim, Hyuk Yoon
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    Jung-Bin Park, So Jung Han, Seung Bum Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Jae Hee Cheon, Sung Wook Hwang, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Soo Jung Park, Sang Hyoung Park
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    Marc M. Mankarious, Alicia C. Greene, Eric W. Schaefer, Kofi Clarke, Afif N. Kulaylat, Nimalan A. Jeganathan, Michael J. Deutsch, Audrey S. Kulaylat
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    June Hwa Bae, Jung-Bin Park, Ji Eun Baek, Seung Wook Hong, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sung Wook Hwang
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    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Oh Chan Kwon, See Young Lee, Jaeyoung Chun, Kyungdo Han, Yuna Kim, Ryul Kim, Min-Chan Park, Jie-Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Youn, Hyojin Park
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    Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Agnes Hiu Yan Ho, Siew Chien Ng
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Close layer
IBD
Korean clinical practice guidelines on biologics for moderate to severe Crohn’s disease
Seong-Joon Koh, Sung Noh Hong, Soo-Kyung Park, Byong Duk Ye, Kyeong Ok Kim, Jeong Eun Shin, Yong Sik Yoon, Hong Sub Lee, Sung Hoon Jung, Miyoung Choi, Soo-Young Na, Chang Hwan Choi, Joo Sung Kim, on behalf of the IBD Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Intest Res 2023;21(1):43-60.   Published online October 18, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00029
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a relapsing and progressive condition characterized by diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and hematochezia that results in serious complications such as perforations, fistulas, and abscesses. Various medications, interventions, and surgical treatments have been used to treat CD. The Korean guidelines for CD management were distributed in 2012 and revised in 2017 by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. Substantial progress in mucosal immunologic research has elucidated the pathophysiology of IBD, leading to development of biological agents for treatment of CD. The first developed biologic agent, tumor necrosis factor-α agents, were shown to be efficacious in CD, heralding a new era in management of CD. Subsequently, vedolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against integrin α4β7, and ustekinumab, a human monoclonal antibody that inhibits the common p40 subunit of interleukin-12 and interleukin-23, were both approved for clinical use and are efficacious and safe for both induction and maintenance of remission in moderate-to-severe CD patients. Moreover, a recent study showed the non-inferiority of CT-P13, an infliximab biosimilar, compared with infliximab in CD patients. The third Korean guidelines for CD management provide updated information regarding treatment of moderate-to-severe CD patients with biologic agents.

Citations

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  • Impact of age at diagnosis on long‐term prognosis in patients with intestinal Behçet's disease
    Ji Young Chang, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Tae Il Kim, Jae Hee Cheon, Jihye Park
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024; 39(3): 519.     CrossRef
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    So Yoon Choi, Sujin Choi, Byung-Ho Choe, Jae Hong Park, Kwang-Hae Choi, Hae Jeong Lee, Ji Sook Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Jae Young Kim, Hyo-Jeong Jang, Suk Jin Hong, Eun Young Kim, Yeoun Joo Lee, Ben Kang
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    Jung-Bin Park, So Jung Han, Seung Bum Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Jae Hee Cheon, Sung Wook Hwang, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Soo Jung Park, Sang Hyoung Park
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    Jihye Park, Hyun-Soo Zhang, Chung Mo Nam, Joo Sung Kim, Young-Ho Kim, Dong Il Park, Byong Duk Ye, Yoon Tae Jeen, Sehyun Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
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    Hyeon Woo Bae, Yong Joon Lee, Min Young Park, Seung Yoon Yang, Yoon Dae Han, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Kang Young Lee, Jae Hee Cheon, Joseph C. Carmichael, Byung Soh Min
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    Jia-Feng Wu, Hsu-Heng Yen, Horng-Yuan Wang, Ting-An Chang, Chung-Hsin Chang, Chen-Wang Chang, Te-Hsin Chao, Jen-Wei Chou, Yenn-Hwei Chou, Chiao-Hsiung Chuang, Wen-Hung Hsu, Tzu-Chi Hsu, Tien-Yu Huang, Tsung-I Hung, Puo-Hsien Le, Chun-Che Lin, Chun-Chi Lin
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    Eun Jin Yoo, Sang-Hoon Cho, Soo Jung Park, Tae Il Kim, Won Ho Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
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  • Effectiveness and tolerability of methotrexate monotherapy in Crohn’s disease patients: a multicenter observational study
    Jihye Park, Jaeyoung Chun, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Tae Il Kim, Hyuk Yoon, Jae Hee Cheon
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    T Yoshihara, S Shinzaki, H Iijima, Y Tsujii, Y Hayashi, T Takehara
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    Tae-Geun Gweon
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 81(5): 230.     CrossRef
  • Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in Korea
    Oh Chan Kwon, See Young Lee, Jaeyoung Chun, Kyungdo Han, Yuna Kim, Ryul Kim, Min-Chan Park, Jie-Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Youn, Hyojin Park
    Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • How have treatment patterns for patients with inflammatory bowel disease changed in Asian countries?
    Jihye Park
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(3): 275.     CrossRef
  • 10 years of biologic use patterns in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: treatment persistence, switching and dose intensification – a nationwide population-based study
    Hee Moon Koo, Yu Kyung Jun, Yonghoon Choi, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Nayoung Kim, Dong Ho Lee, Young Kee Shin, Hyuk Yoon
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Enrichment of Activated Fibroblasts as a Potential Biomarker for a Non-Durable Response to Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
    Soo-Kyung Park, Gi-Young Lee, Sangsoo Kim, Chil-Woo Lee, Chang-Hwan Choi, Sang-Bum Kang, Tae-Oh Kim, Jaeyoung Chun, Jae-Myung Cha, Jong-Pil Im, Kwang-Sung Ahn, Seon-Young Kim, Min-Suk Kim, Chang-Kyun Lee, Dong-Il Park
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(19): 14799.     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of Bacterial and Fungal Biomarkers for Differentiation and Prognosis of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    Hyuk Yoon, Sunghyouk Park, Yu Kyung Jun, Yonghoon Choi, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Nayoung Kim, Dong Ho Lee
    Microorganisms.2023; 11(12): 2882.     CrossRef
  • 4,828 View
  • 483 Download
  • 23 Web of Science
  • 25 Crossref
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Cancer
Korean Guidelines for Postpolypectomy Colonoscopic Surveillance: 2022 revised edition
Su Young Kim, Min Seob Kwak, Soon Man Yoon, Yunho Jung, Jong Wook Kim, Sun-Jin Boo, Eun Hye Oh, Seong Ran Jeon, Seung-Joo Nam, Seon-Young Park, Soo-Kyung Park, Jaeyoung Chun, Dong Hoon Baek, Mi-Young Choi, Suyeon Park, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Hyung Kil Kim, Joo Young Cho, Moon Sung Lee, Oh Young Lee, Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy, Korean Society of Gastroenterology, Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases
Intest Res 2023;21(1):20-42.   Published online January 31, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00096
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Colonoscopic polypectomy is effective in decreasing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Premalignant polyps discovered during colonoscopy are associated with the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia. Postpolypectomy surveillance is the most important method for managing advanced metachronous neoplasia. A more efficient and evidence-based guideline for postpolypectomy surveillance is required because of the limited medical resources and concerns regarding colonoscopy complications. In these consensus guidelines, an analytic approach was used to address all reliable evidence to interpret the predictors of CRC or advanced neoplasia during surveillance colonoscopy. The key recommendations state that the high-risk findings for metachronous CRC following polypectomy are as follows: adenoma ≥10 mm in size; 3 to 5 (or more) adenomas; tubulovillous or villous adenoma; adenoma containing high-grade dysplasia; traditional serrated adenoma; sessile serrated lesion containing any grade of dysplasia; serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size; and 3 to 5 (or more) sessile serrated lesions. More studies are needed to fully comprehend the patients who are most likely to benefit from surveillance colonoscopy and the ideal surveillance interval to prevent metachronous CRC.

Citations

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  • The histologic features, molecular features, detection and management of serrated polyps: a review
    Jin-Dong Wang, Guo-Shuai Xu, Xin-Long Hu, Wen-Qiang Li, Nan Yao, Fu-Zhou Han, Yin Zhang, Jun Qu
    Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Screening and surveillance for hereditary colorectal cancer
    Hee Man Kim, Tae Il Kim
    Intestinal Research.2024; 22(2): 119.     CrossRef
  • Prediction of Lymph Node Metastasis in T1 Colorectal Cancer Using Artificial Intelligence with Hematoxylin and Eosin-Stained Whole-Slide-Images of Endoscopic and Surgical Resection Specimens
    Joo Hye Song, Eun Ran Kim, Yiyu Hong, Insuk Sohn, Soomin Ahn, Seok-Hyung Kim, Kee-Taek Jang
    Cancers.2024; 16(10): 1900.     CrossRef
  • Strategies to improve screening colonoscopy quality for the prevention of colorectal cancer
    Joo Hye Song, Eun Ran Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(4): 547.     CrossRef
  • Korean Guidelines for Postpolypectomy Colonoscopic Surveillance: 2022 Revision
    Su Young Kim
    The Korean Journal of Medicine.2023; 98(3): 102.     CrossRef
  • Clinical characteristics and risk factors related to polyposis recurrence and advanced neoplasm development among patients with non-hereditary colorectal polyposis
    Jihun Jang, Jihye Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 510.     CrossRef
  • Summary and comparison of recently updated post-polypectomy surveillance guidelines
    Yoon Suk Jung
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 443.     CrossRef
  • Strategy for post-polypectomy colonoscopy surveillance: focus on the revised Korean guidelines
    Yong Soo Kwon, Su Young Kim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2023; 66(11): 652.     CrossRef
  • 7,184 View
  • 260 Download
  • 8 Crossref
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IBD
Natural history of inflammatory bowel disease: a comparison between the East and the West
Eun Mi Song, Suk-Kyun Yang
Intest Res 2022;20(4):418-430.   Published online December 2, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00104
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Over the past decades, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia. The natural history of IBD in Asian patients could be different from that in Western patients due to variations in disease phenotypes and genotypes as well as the healthcare environment between the 2 populations. To adequately cope with this disease, it is important to fully understand the potential differences in its natural history among different populations. In this review, we evaluated the differences in the clinical course of IBD between Asian and Western patients with regards to phenotypic progression, hospitalization, major surgery, risk of colorectal cancer, and mortality, mainly based on the results of population-based studies. The findings of our narrative review suggest that the clinical course of Asian patients with IBD, especially ulcerative colitis, is better than that of Western patients, as indicated by the lower rates of major surgery and hospitalization. In addition, similar to Western patients, the clinical course of Asian patients with IBD has been improving as evidenced by the decreasing rates of disease behavior progression (in Crohn’s disease), hospitalization, and major surgery.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Could histologic healing be a new treatment target in patients with ulcerative colitis?
    Soyoung Kim, Sang Hyoung Park
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(1): 2.     CrossRef
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    Pezhman Alavinejad, Seyed Jalal Hashemi, Nitin Behl, Ahmad Hormati, Abubakr Elbasuny, Naser Ebrahimi Daryani, Mehdi Pezeshgi Modarres, Masoud Arshadzadeh, Samira Panahande, Dao Viet Hang, Aya Mohammed Mahros, Abazar Parsi, Hazhir Javaherizadeh, Ata Rehman
    eClinicalMedicine.2024; 70: 102542.     CrossRef
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    Hiroki Kurumi, Yoshihiro Yokoyama, Takehiro Hirano, Kotaro Akita, Yuki Hayashi, Tomoe Kazama, Hajime Isomoto, Hiroshi Nakase
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    Kyuwon Kim, Byong Duk Ye
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    Kijae Jo, Kwang Woo Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim, Seong-Joon Koh
    Intestinal Research.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jung Min Moon, Kyoung-Eun Kwon, Ju Won Lee, Kyung Rok Minn, Kyuwon Kim, Jeongkuk Seo, Seung Yong Shin, Sun-Young Jung, Chang Hwan Choi
    Digestive and Liver Disease.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jian Wan, Jun Shen, Jie Zhong, Wensong Ge, Yinglei Miao, Xiaolan Zhang, Zhonghui Wen, Yufang Wang, Jie Liang, Kaichun Wu
    United European Gastroenterology Journal.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and risk factors for gallstone and renal stone formation in patients with intestinal Behçet’s disease
    Jaewon Song, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Tae Il Kim, Jihye Park, Jae Hee Cheon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(5): 770.     CrossRef
  • Old and New Biologics and Small Molecules in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factors
    Sang Un Kim, Hyun Seok Lee
    The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 84(2): 35.     CrossRef
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    Tanita Suttichaimongkol, Sung Wook Hwang, Nayantara Coelho-Prabhu, John B. Kisiel, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Edward V. Loftus, Sang Hyoung Park
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Primary surgery versus pharmacotherapy for newly diagnosed ileocecal Crohn’s disease: a hospital-based cohort study
    Yehyun Park, Soo Jung Park, Tae Il Kim, Won Ho Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(5): 759.     CrossRef
  • Korean clinical practice guidelines on biologics for moderate to severe Crohn’s disease
    Seong-Joon Koh, Sung Noh Hong, Soo-Kyung Park, Byong Duk Ye, Kyeong Ok Kim, Jeong Eun Shin, Yong Sik Yoon, Hong Sub Lee, Sung Hoon Jung, Miyoung Choi, Soo-Young Na, Chang Hwan Choi, Joo Sung Kim
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(1): 43.     CrossRef
  • Long‐term clinical outcomes of intestinal Behçet's disease: A 30‐year cohort study at a tertiary hospital in South Korea
    Jihye Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Tae Il Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2023; 38(3): 386.     CrossRef
  • Past, present, and future of Intestinal Research
    Jae Hee Cheon
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Association of Waist Circumference with the Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Nationwide Cohort Study of 10 Million Individuals in Korea
    Yeonjin Je, Kyungdo Han, Jaeyoung Chun, Yuna Kim, Jie-Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Youn, Hyojin Park, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim
    Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2023; 17(5): 681.     CrossRef
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a condition exemplifying the crosstalk of the gut–liver axis
    You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
    Experimental & Molecular Medicine.2023; 55(7): 1380.     CrossRef
  • Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease–Asian perspectives: the results of a multinational web-based survey in the 8th Asian Organization for Crohn’s and Colitis meeting
    Eun Mi Song, Soo-Young Na, Sung Noh Hong, Siew Chien Ng, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Byong Duk Ye
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(3): 339.     CrossRef
  • How have treatment patterns for patients with inflammatory bowel disease changed in Asian countries?
    Jihye Park
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(3): 275.     CrossRef
  • Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
    You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 420.     CrossRef
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    Sang Hyoung Park
    Crohn's & Colitis 360.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Soo-Young Na
    The Korean Journal of Medicine.2023; 98(5): 223.     CrossRef
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    Wei-Sheng Lin, Wan-Chen Cheng, Min-Hsiung Pan
    ACS Omega.2023; 8(44): 41427.     CrossRef
  • The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 10-Year South Korean Experience Based on the National Database
    Eun Mi Song, Arum Choi, Sukil Kim, Sung Hoon Jung
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Jihye Park
    Intestinal Research.2022; 20(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Is primary sclerosing cholangitis with inflammatory bowel disease different between patients in the East and West?
    Yong Eun Park
    Intestinal Research.2022; 20(2): 157.     CrossRef
  • Bioactive Components and Potential Mechanism Prediction of Kui Jie Kang against Ulcerative Colitis via Systematic Pharmacology and UPLC-QE-MS Analysis
    Jinbiao He, Chunping Wan, Xiaosi Li, Zishu Zhang, Yu Yang, Huaning Wang, Yan Qi, Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo
    Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2022; 2022: 1.     CrossRef
  • Antiviral Prophylaxis Against Hepatitis B Virus in Patients Treated with Anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor α Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    Eun Ae Kang, Jae Hee Cheon
    Gut and Liver.2022; 16(4): 501.     CrossRef
  • Personalized medicine in inflammatory bowel disease: Perspectives on Asia
    Su Hyun Park, Sang Hyoung Park
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2022; 37(8): 1434.     CrossRef
  • Updates on conventional therapies for inflammatory bowel diseases: 5-aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and anti-TNF-α
    Jihye Park, Jae Hee Cheon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 895.     CrossRef
  • Inflammatory bowel disease in Korea: epidemiology and pathophysiology
    Jung Won Lee, Chang Soo Eun
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 885.     CrossRef
  • Management of inflammatory bowel disease beyond tumor necrosis factor inhibitors: novel biologics and small-molecule drugs
    Soo-Young Na, You Sun Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 906.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Characteristics of Korean Patients with Elderly-Onset Crohn’s Disease: Results from the Prospective CONNECT Study
    You Sun Kim, Min Jeong Na, Byong Duk Ye, Jae Hee Cheon, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim
    Gut and Liver.2022; 16(6): 995.     CrossRef
  • Comparison between Pediatric Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis at Diagnosis in Korea: Results from a Multicenter, Registry-Based, Inception Cohort Study
    Sowon Park, Ben Kang, Seung Kim, Sujin Choi, Hyo Rim Suh, Eun Sil Kim, Ji Hyung Park, Mi Jin Kim, Yon Ho Choe, Yeoun Joo Lee, Jae Hong Park, Eell Ryoo, Hong Koh, Byung-Ho Choe
    Gut and Liver.2022; 16(6): 921.     CrossRef
  • 5,971 View
  • 665 Download
  • 30 Web of Science
  • 33 Crossref
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Miscellaneous
Involvement of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory intestinal diseases: opportunities for new therapies
Priscila A. Lima, Bárbara B. Berg, Marina Gomes Miranda e Castor
Intest Res 2022;20(4):392-417.   Published online May 31, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00160
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
The components of the endogenous cannabinoid system are widely expressed in the gastrointestinal tract contributing to local homeostasis. In general, cannabinoids exert inhibitory actions in the gastrointestinal tract, inducing anti-inflammatory, antiemetic, antisecretory, and antiproliferative effects. Therefore, cannabinoids are interesting pharmacological compounds for the treatment of several acute intestinal disorders, such as dysmotility, emesis, and abdominal pain. Likewise, the role of cannabinoids in the treatment of chronic intestinal diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease, is also under investigation. Patients with chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases present impaired quality of life, and mental health issues are commonly associated with long-term chronic diseases. The complex pathophysiology of these diseases contributes to difficulties in diagnosis and, therefore, in the choice of a satisfactory treatment. Thus, this article reviews the involvement of the cannabinoid system in chronic inflammatory diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract and highlights possible therapeutic approaches related to the use of cannabinoids.

Citations

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  • Cannabigerol as an anti-inflammatory agent altering the level of arachidonic acid derivatives in the colon tissue of rats subjected to a high-fat high-sucrose diet
    Klaudia Sztolsztener, Ewa Harasim-Symbor, Adrian Chabowski, Karolina Konstantynowicz-Nowicka
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 178: 117286.     CrossRef
  • Pharmacohistory of Cannabis Use—A New Possibility in Future Drug Development for Gastrointestinal Diseases
    Dinesh Thapa, Leon N. Warne, Marco Falasca
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(19): 14677.     CrossRef
  • 5,708 View
  • 372 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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IBD
Landscape of inflammatory bowel disease in Singapore
Daren Low, Nidhi Swarup, Toshiyuki Okada, Emiko Mizoguchi
Intest Res 2022;20(3):291-296.   Published online January 7, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00089
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), primarily Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, had been widely recognized to affect the Western population. However, the notable rise in prevalence of IBD in Asia, including Singapore, had garnered much attention to the causal role of the shift in trend, and more importantly, effective and safe management of the conditions of these groups of patients in terms of therapy, healthcare economics as well as patient well-being. This review presents a summary of the current landscape of IBD in Singapore, and discuss on areas that can be explored to improve and better understand the local condition, as prevalence continues to grow.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Ocular extraintestinal manifestations and treatments in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    Mariana Rodriguez Duran, Ghazala A. Datoo O’Keefe
    Frontiers in Ophthalmology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Association of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study
    Oh Chan Kwon, Yuna Kim, Jaeyoung Chun, Kyungdo Han, Min-Chan Park, Ryul Kim, Jie-Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Youn, Hyojin Park
    Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
    You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 420.     CrossRef
  • Evolving Trends and Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asia, 1990–2019: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study
    Xuejie Chen, Xin Xiang, Weitong Xia, Xindi Li, Sidan Wang, Shuyu Ye, Li Tian, Lian Zhao, Feiyan Ai, Zhaohua Shen, Kai Nie, Minzi Deng, Xiaoyan Wang
    Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2023; 13(4): 725.     CrossRef
  • Is primary sclerosing cholangitis with inflammatory bowel disease different between patients in the East and West?
    Yong Eun Park
    Intestinal Research.2022; 20(2): 157.     CrossRef
  • Vaccination strategies for Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    Yoo Jin Lee, Eun Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 920.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Characteristics of Korean Patients with Elderly-Onset Crohn’s Disease: Results from the Prospective CONNECT Study
    You Sun Kim, Min Jeong Na, Byong Duk Ye, Jae Hee Cheon, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim
    Gut and Liver.2022; 16(6): 995.     CrossRef
  • 5,640 View
  • 420 Download
  • 6 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
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Cancer
Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer
Seung Wook Hong, Jeong-Sik Byeon
Intest Res 2022;20(3):281-290.   Published online July 26, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00169
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Early colorectal cancer refers to cancer in the colorectum that is confined to the mucosa or submucosa and does not invade the muscularis propria, irrespective of lymph node or distant metastasis. As the number of persons undergoing screening colonoscopy increases, the proportion of patients diagnosed with precancerous colorectal lesions and early colorectal cancer also increases. In the last decade, innovative optical technologies for endoscopic diagnosis have been introduced and endoscopic treatment techniques such as endoscopic submucosal dissection have provided major breakthroughs in the management of early colorectal cancer. With these remarkable developments, endoscopic treatment has established itself as an alternative to surgical resection in the treatment of early colorectal cancer. This review will discuss the endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of early colorectal cancer. Furthermore, the unmet needs in this field and the latest research addressing those issues will be summarized.

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    Nana Zhang, Lulu Zhu, Yan Liu, Xiaolong Chen, Bifang Zhang, Chunhong Wen, Huayu Zhang, Qinglin Tang, Mingqing Zhang
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    Mirela-Georgiana Perné, Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tăut, Olga Hilda Orășan, Vasile Negrean, Călin Vasile Vlad, Teodora-Gabriela Alexescu, Mircea Vasile Milaciu, Lorena Ciumărnean, Răzvan Dan Togănel, Gabriel Emil Petre, Ioan Șimon, Alexandra Crăciun
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  • Նորագույն էնդոսկոպիկ մեթոդների դերը հաստ աղու նորագոյացությունների ախտորոշման և բուժման մեջ
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    Jihun Jang, Jihye Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 510.     CrossRef
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    Yoon Suk Jung
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  • 4,510 View
  • 272 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 18 Crossref
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IBD
Artificial intelligence for endoscopy in inflammatory bowel disease
Kento Takenaka, Ami Kawamoto, Ryuichi Okamoto, Mamoru Watanabe, Kazuo Ohtsuka
Intest Res 2022;20(2):165-170.   Published online January 7, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00079
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with its 2 subtypes, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a complex chronic condition. A precise definition of disease activity and appropriate drug management greatly improve the clinical course while minimizing the risk or cost. Artificial intelligence (AI) has been used in several medical diseases or situations. Herein, we provide an overview of AI for endoscopy in IBD. We discuss how AI can improve clinical practice and how some components have already begun to shape our knowledge. There may be a time when we can use AI in clinical practice. As AI systems contribute to the exact diagnosis and treatment of human disease, we should continue to learn best practices in health care in the field of IBD.

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IBD
Update on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: where are we now?
Sang Hyoung Park
Intest Res 2022;20(2):159-164.   Published online April 29, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00115
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has become a global disease. As IBD is a chronic disease that can result in remarkable morbidity and disability, estimation and understanding the disease burden of IBD is imperative to prepare adequate health care systems. However, variations in IBD incidence or prevalence may reflect differences in the distribution, and there are regional disparities in Asia with a large population of approximately 4.6 billion in 2020, which is equivalent to 60% of the total world population. Although comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of IBD in Asian countries is difficult, this review includes updated data regarding the incidence and prevalence of IBD and the estimated disease burden in Asia.

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IBD
An integrative review of physical activity in adults with inflammatory bowel disease
Suja P Davis, Patricia B. Crane, Linda P. Bolin, Lee Ann Johnson
Intest Res 2022;20(1):43-52.   Published online January 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00049
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) search for self-management strategies to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life (QOL). Physical activity (PA) is one of the self-management strategies widely adopted by adults with IBD. This integrative review aimed to synthesize the evidence on health outcomes of PA in adults with IBD as well as to identify the barriers to engaging in PA. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), published literature was searched to identify the articles that addressed PA in adults with IBD. Twenty-eight articles met the inclusion criteria. Many of the reviewed studies used the terms of PA and exercise interchangeably. Walking was the most common PA reported in the studies. The findings from the majority of the reviewed studies supported the benefits of moderate-intensity exercise/PA among adults with IBD. The reviewed studies noted the following positive health outcomes of PA: improvement in QOL, mental health, sleep quality, gastrointestinal symptoms, fatigue and cardiorespiratory fitness. More importantly, participation in PA reduced the risk for development of IBD and the risk for future active disease. The findings from the reviewed studies highlighted the following barriers to engage in PA: fatigue, joint pain, abdominal pain, bowel urgency, active disease and depression.

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Microbiota
The role of microbiome in colorectal carcinogenesis and its clinical potential as a target for cancer treatment
Sang Hoon Kim, Yun Jeong Lim
Intest Res 2022;20(1):31-42.   Published online May 21, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00034
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
The role of gut microbiome-intestinal immune complex in the development of colorectal cancer and its progression is well recognized. Accordingly, certain microbial strains tend to colonize or vanish in patients with colorectal cancer. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics are expected to exhibit both anti-tumor effects and chemopreventive effects during cancer treatment through mechanisms such as xenometabolism, immune interactions, and altered eco-community. Microbial modulation can also be safely used to prevent complications during peri-operational periods of colorectal surgery. A deeper understanding of the role of intestinal microbiota as a target for colorectal cancer treatment will lead the way to a better prognosis for colorectal cancer patients.

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IBD
Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease: an update
Arshdeep Singh, Ramit Mahajan, Saurabh Kedia, Amit Kumar Dutta, Abhinav Anand, Charles N. Bernstein, Devendra Desai, C. Ganesh Pai, Govind Makharia, Harsh Vardhan Tevethia, Joyce WY Mak, Kirandeep Kaur, Kiran Peddi, Mukesh Kumar Ranjan, Perttu Arkkila, Rakesh Kochhar, Rupa Banerjee, Saroj Kant Sinha, Siew Chien Ng, Stephen Hanauer, Suhang Verma, Usha Dutta, Vandana Midha, Varun Mehta, Vineet Ahuja, Ajit Sood
Intest Res 2022;20(1):11-30.   Published online April 15, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00155
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), once considered a disease of the Western hemisphere, has emerged as a global disease. As the disease prevalence is on a steady rise, management of IBD has come under the spotlight. 5-Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents and biologics are the backbone of treatment of IBD. With the advent of biologics and small molecules, the need for surgery and hospitalization has decreased. However, economic viability and acceptability is an important determinant of local prescription patterns. Nearly one-third of the patients in West receive biologics as the first/initial therapy. The scenario is different in developing countries where biologics are used only in a small proportion of patients with IBD. Increased risk of reactivation of tuberculosis and high cost of the therapy are limitations to their use. Thiopurines hence become critical for optimal management of patients with IBD in these regions. However, approximately one-third of patients are intolerant or develop adverse effects with their use. This has led to suboptimal use of thiopurines in clinical practice. This review article discusses the clinical aspects of thiopurine use in patients with IBD with the aim of optimizing their use to full therapeutic potential.

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IBD
Management of inflammatory bowel disease in the COVID-19 era
Kyeong Ok Kim, Byung Ik Jang
Intest Res 2022;20(1):3-10.   Published online February 3, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00156
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many unpredictable changes have occurred in the medical field. Risk of COVID-19 does not seem to increase in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) considering based on current reports. Current medications for IBD do not increase this risk; on the contrary, some of these might be used as therapeutics against COVID-19 and are under clinical trial. Unless the patients have confirmed COVID-19 and severe pneumonia or a high oxygen demand, medical treatment should be continued during the pandemic, except for the use of high-dose corticosteroids. Adherence to general recommendations such as social distancing, wearing facial masks, and vaccination, especially for pneumococcal infections and influenza, is also required. Patients with COVID-19 need to be withhold immunomodulators or biologics for at least 2 weeks and treated based on both IBD and COVID-19 severity. Prevention of IBD relapse caused by sudden medication interruption is important because negative outcomes associated with disease flare up, such as corticosteroid use or hospitalization, are much riskier than medications. The outpatient clinic and infusion center for biologics need to be reserved safe spaces, and endoscopy or surgery should be considered in urgent cases only.

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Infection
An overview of the gut side of the SARS-CoV-2 infection
Bruna Barbosa da Luz, Natalia Mulinari Turin de Oliveira, Isabella Wzorek França dos Santos, Luana Zampieron Paza, Lara Luisa Valerio de Mello Braga, Fernanda da Silva Platner, Maria Fernanda de Paula Werner, Elizabeth Soares Fernandes, Daniele Maria-Ferreira
Intest Res 2021;19(4):379-385.   Published online November 6, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00087
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
In late 2019, an outbreak of pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) initiated in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. The major clinical symptoms described for coronavirus disease (COVID-19) include respiratory distress and pneumonia in severe cases, and some patients may experience gastrointestinal impairments. In accordance, viral RNA or live infectious virus have been detected in feces of patients with COVID-19. Binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a vital pathway for the virus entry into human cells, including those of the respiratory mucosa, esophageal epithelium as well as the absorptive enterocytes from ileum and colon. The interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and ACE2 receptor may decrease the receptor expression and disrupt the function of B0AT1 transporter influencing the diarrhea observed in COVID-19 patients. In this context, a fecal-oral transmission route has been considered and points out a role for the digestive tract in disease transmission and severity. Here, in order to further understand the impact of COVID-19 in human physiology, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity are discussed in the context of gastrointestinal disturbances.

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IBD
Crohn’s disease at radiological imaging: focus on techniques and intestinal tract
Giuseppe Cicero, Silvio Mazziotti
Intest Res 2021;19(4):365-378.   Published online November 25, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00097
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Over recent years, inflammatory bowel diseases have become an issue of increased attention in daily clinical practice, due to both a rising incidence and improved imaging capability in detection. In particular, the diagnosis of Crohn’s disease is based on clinical picture, laboratory tests and colonoscopy with biopsy. However, colonoscopic evaluation is limited to the mucosal layer. Thus, imaging modalities play a pivotal role in enriching the clinical picture, delivering information on intestinal and extraintestinal involvement. All the imaging modalities can be employed in evaluation of Crohn’s disease patients, each of them with specific strengths as well as limitations. In this wide selection, the choice of a proper diagnostic framework can be challenging for the clinician. Therefore, the aim of this work is to offer an overview of the different imaging techniques, with brief technical details and diagnostic potential related to each intestinal tract.

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Microbiota
Gut microbiome and checkpoint inhibitor colitis
Kanika Sehgal, Sahil Khanna
Intest Res 2021;19(4):360-364.   Published online December 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00116
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies such as ipilimumab, are increasingly being used as a treatment option for a variety of cancers, including metastatic melanoma and have demonstrated effectively a prolonged survival. These agents have an immunological mode of action that predisposes patients to a number of immune-related adverse events, colitis being one of the most commonly encountered complications. The pathogenesis for the development of colitis is unclear, and there is a growing consensus that the ecosystem of the gastrointestinal microbiota plays a significant role. Based on this suspected connection, studies are being carried out to explore the changes in the microbiota in patients on these medications who develop colitis. Conceivably, the modulation of the gut microbiota could offer a therapeutic benefit. Fecal microbiota transplantation is one therapeutic option that is currently being investigated, though there are still more data needed to evaluate its efficacy. In this review, we recapitulate the mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint inhibitors, their adverse events, with a focus on colitis and the role gut microbiota are suspected to play, and finally discuss the microbiota modulation therapies being investigated.

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  • 5,776 View
  • 292 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
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