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Original Articles
IBD
Risk of malignancies and chemopreventive effect of statin, metformin, and aspirin in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis: a nationwide population-based study
Eun Hye Oh, Ye-Jee Kim, Minju Kim, Seung Ha Park, Tae Oh Kim, Sang Hyoung Park
Intest Res 2025;23(2):129-143.   Published online November 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00062
Funded: Korean Society of Gastroenterology
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
We investigated the incidences of overall and site-specific malignancies and chemopreventive effects of statin, metformin, and aspirin in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Methods
We collected data using the Health Insurance Review and Assessment claims database from January 2007 to April 2020.
Results
The overall malignancy risk among the 35,189 ulcerative colitis patients was similar to that of the general population (standardized incidence ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.88–1.00). In male patients, standardized incidence ratios were high for thyroid cancer and low for stomach cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, and lung cancer. Concurrently, standard incidence ratios were high for liver cancer and central nervous system cancer in female patients. While 122 cases of colorectal cancer occurred in the study patients, the standardized incidence ratio was 0.83 (95% confidence interval, 0.69–0.99). Treatment for ulcerative colitis was not associated with an increased adjusted hazard ratio, while comorbidities increased it for all malignancies. Treatment for ulcerative colitis was associated with an increased adjusted hazard ratio, while comorbidities did not increase it for colorectal cancer. After adjusting for age, sex, comorbidities, and ulcerative colitis treatment, statins showed a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect for all malignancies (P=0.002), while metformin and aspirin did not show any.
Conclusions
In ulcerative colitis patients, standardized incidence ratios for all malignancies and colorectal cancer did not increase. Adjusted hazard ratios for all malignancies increased with comorbidities and those for colorectal cancer with ulcerative colitis treatment. Statins have a dose-dependent chemopreventive effect for all malignancies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Thyroid disorders and inflammatory bowel disease: an association present in adults but also in children and adolescents
    Valeria Calcaterra, Francesca Penagini, Virginia Rossi, Luisa Abbattista, Alice Bianchi, Massimiliano Turzi, Lucia Cococcioni, Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
    Frontiers in Endocrinology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Does statin have a chemopreventive effect in patients with ulcerative colitis?
    Yoon Suk Jung
    Intestinal Research.2025; 23(2): 113.     CrossRef
  • 3,439 View
  • 452 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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IBD
Early resolution of bowel urgency by budesonide foam enema results in improved quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis: a multicenter prospective observational study
Taku Kobayashi, Kei Moriya, Toshimitsu Fujii, Shigeki Bamba, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Akihiro Yamada, Takashi Hisabe, Shintaro Sagami, Shuji Hibiya, Takahiro Amano, Noritaka Takatsu, Katsutoshi Inagaki, Ken-ichi Iwayama, Toshifumi Hibi
Intest Res 2025;23(2):157-169.   Published online July 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00005
Funded: EA Pharma, Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Bowel urgency is an important symptom for quality of life determination in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Few clinical studies have focused on bowel urgency as an efficacy endpoint. Budesonide foam enema has shown efficacy for clinical and endoscopic improvement in mild-to-moderate UC. We evaluated the improvement of clinical symptoms (bowel urgency), safety, and treatment impact of twice-daily budesonide foam enema on the quality of life in patients with UC.
Methods
This open-label, multicenter, prospective observational study comprised a 4-week observation period assessing the effectiveness and safety of twice-daily budesonide foam enema. Mild-to-moderate UC patients who had bowel urgency were included. Patients collected data daily in an electronic patient-reported outcome system or logbooks. The primary endpoint was the rate of resolution of bowel urgency at the end of the 4-week observation period. The rate of bowel incontinence was also assessed.
Results
Sixty-one patients were enrolled. Of patients with a final evaluation, the rate of resolution of bowel urgency was 58.5% (31/53; 95% confidence interval, 44.1%–71.9%). Bowel urgency decreased over time, with a significant difference observed on day 7 versus day 0. Bowel incontinence showed a decreasing trend from day 5, with a significant difference confirmed on day 12 versus day 0. The clinical remission rate was 64.4% (38/59; 95% confidence interval, 50.9%–76.4%). One adverse event not related to budesonide rectal foam occurred.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that bowel urgency can be improved early with twice-daily budesonide foam enema. No new safety signals were observed.
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IBD
Histologic healing and clinical outcomes in ulcerative colitis
Raymond Fueng-Hin Liang, Huiyu Lin, Cora Yuk-Ping Chau, Wee Chian Lim
Intest Res 2025;23(2):182-192.   Published online September 19, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00058
Funded: Ferring Pharmaceuticals
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Growing evidence suggests histologic healing (HH) improves clinical outcomes in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients beyond endoscopic healing (EH). We hypothesize that HH is associated with better clinical outcomes in Asian UC patients, for whom data is lacking.
Methods
We performed a retrospective study of UC patients in clinical remission (CR) with a follow-up colonoscopy and minimum 1-year follow-up post-colonoscopy. Primary outcome was clinical relapse (CRL), defined as either a Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index score of > 2, medication escalation, hospitalization or colectomy. Predictors of CRL and HH were assessed.
Results
One hundred patients were included with a median follow-up of 22 months. At index colonoscopy, 80 patients were in EH. On follow-up, 41 patients experienced CRL. Of 80 patients in EH, 34 (42.5%) had persistent histologic activity (Nancy Index ≥ 2) and 29 (36.3%) relapsed during the follow-up period. Amongst patients in CR and EH, those with HH had lower CRL rate (26.1% vs. 50.0%, P= 0.028) and longer CRL-free survival (mean 46.1 months vs. 31.5 months, P= 0.015) than those with persistent histologic activity. On bivariable analysis of 100 patients in CR, HH, and Mayo endoscopic score (MES) of 0 were significantly associated with lower risk of CRL. On multivariable analysis, only MES 0 remained predictive of lower CRL risk.
Conclusions
Above and beyond CR and EH, achieving HH improves clinical outcomes in Asian UC patients. However, HH may not confer incremental benefit if MES 0 has been achieved. Further prospective studies evaluating the benefit of histologically guided therapeutic decisions are needed.
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Microbiota
Exploring the link between celiac disease and obesity: a potential role of gut microbiome
Sunaina Addanki, Anastasia Mashukova, Arkene Levy
Intest Res 2025;23(2):193-201.   Published online November 8, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00049
Funded: Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
In today’s age, celiac disease (CD) is no longer solely characterized by chronic diarrhea in a malnourished child. Obesity is gradually being acknowledged as part of CD’s clinical course. Both conditions have been linked to alterations of gut microbiome. Given the difficulty of strict gluten-free diet adherence, there is a need for less restrictive adjunctive therapies. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of obesity in patients diagnosed with CD with the goal of developing new therapeutic approaches.
Methods
Baseline data from the National Institute of Health’s All of Us Research Program, was used to evaluate the relationship between CD and obesity. A retrospective cohort study was conducted where groups of individuals with CD and without CD were matched by age range and health surveys. Statistical analysis with odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported.
Results
The prevalence of obesity was 32.6% in the CD group compared to 18.4% in the control group (OR, 2.111; 95% CI, 1.914–2.328; P< 0.0001). Women accounted for a greater population of patients with CD and obesity. The largest percentage of patients with CD and obesity were older than 65 years. The highest percentage of individuals in both the experimental and control groups were white, followed by African Americans.
Conclusions
Our data shows a significant association between CD and increased prevalence of obesity. These results warrant further investigation into microbial changes and dietary exposures that affect the pathogenesis of both diseases.

Citations

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  • Celiac Disease and Metabolic Diseases: A Review of Emerging Connections
    Deirdre Reidy, Christopher Cao, Alexandra Rosenstock, Melissa Stoffels, Sonal Kumar, Haley M. Zylberberg
    Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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  • 1 Crossref
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Statement
IBD
Role of 5-aminosalicylic acid in ulcerative colitis management in 8 Asian territories: a physician survey
Julajak Limsrivilai, Allen Yu-hung Lai, Silvia T. H. Li, Murdani Abdullah, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Satimai Aniwan, Hoang Huu Bui, Jen-Wei Chou, Ida Normiha Hilmi, Wee Chian Lim, Jose Sollano, Michelle Mui Hian Teo, Shu-Chen Wei, Wai Keung Leung
Intest Res 2025;23(2):117-128.   Published online January 6, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00085
Funded: Ferring Pharmaceuticals
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Clinical guidelines typically endorse conventional therapies such as 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) as the mainstay of ulcerative colitis management. However, the degree of adoption and application of guideline recommendations by physicians within Asia remains unclear. This study aims to understand the prescribing patterns of 5-ASA and implementation of current guideline recommendations across Asian clinical practice. A physician survey was conducted among inflammatory bowel disease specialists in 8 Asian territories to understand practices and preferences in ulcerative colitis management, focusing on the use of 5-ASA and concordance with guideline recommendations. Survey findings were validated by country experts in diverse healthcare settings. Subgroup analyses stratified data by income levels and treatment reimbursement status. Ninety-eight valid responses were received from inflammatory bowel disease specialists or gastroenterologists among 8 economic entities. Significant differences were found in clinical practices and treatment preferences for ulcerative colitis management among different income-level and government-subsidy groups. Survey results are summarized in 8 findings that illustrate trends in 5-ASA use and guideline implementation across Asian territories. This study emphasizes socioeconomic factors that impact the adoption of guideline recommendations in real-world practice. Our findings indicate an eclectic approach to guideline implementation across Asia, based on resource availability and feasibility of treatment goals.
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Review
IBD
Helminths in alternative therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
Himani Pandey, Daryl W. T. Tang, Sunny H. Wong, Devi Lal
Intest Res 2025;23(1):8-22.   Published online January 12, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00059
Funded: Nanyang Technological University, Wang Lee Wah Memorial Fund, Ministry of Education - Singapore
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a nonspecific chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Despite recent advances in therapeutics and newer management strategies, IBD largely remains untreatable. Helminth therapy is a promising alternative therapeutic for IBD that has gained some attention in the last two decades. Helminths have immunomodulatory effects and can alter the gut microbiota. The immunomodulatory effects include a strong Th2 immune response, T-regulatory cell response, and the production of regulatory cytokines. Although concrete evidence regarding the efficacy of helminth therapy in IBD is lacking, clinical studies and studies done in animal models have shown some promise. Most clinical studies have shown that helminth therapy is safe and easily tolerable. Extensive work has been done on the whipworm Trichuris, but other helminths, including Schistosoma, Trichinella, Heligmosomoides, and Ancylostoma, have also been explored for pre-clinical and animal studies. This review article summarizes the potential of helminth therapy as an alternative therapeutic or an adjuvant to the existing therapeutic procedures for IBD treatment.
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Original Articles
IBD
Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide population‑based cohort study
Ying-Hsiang Wang, Chi-Hsiang Chung, Tien-Yu Huang, Chao-Feng Chang, Chi-Wei Yang, Wu-Chien Chien, Yi-Chiao Cheng
Intest Res 2025;23(1):76-84.   Published online February 21, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00078
Funded: Tri-Service General Hospital Research Foundation
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disease with severe inflammatory processes associated with numerous gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, we investigated the relationship between NAFLD and IBD and the possible risk factors associated with the diagnosis of IBD.
Methods
This longitudinal nationwide cohort study investigated the risk of IBD in patients with NAFLD alone. General characteristics, comorbidities, and incidence of IBD were also compared.
Results
Patients diagnosed with NAFLD had a significant risk of developing IBD compared to control individuals, who were associated with a 2.245-fold risk of the diagnosis of IBD and a 2.260- and 2.231-fold of increased diagnosis of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, respectively (P< 0.001). The cumulative risk of IBD increased annually during the follow-up of patients with NAFLD (P< 0.001).
Conclusions
Our results emphasize that NAFLD significantly impacts its incidence in patients with NAFLD. If patients with NAFLD present with risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, these conditions should be properly treated with regular follow-ups. Furthermore, we believe that these causes may be associated with the second peak of IBD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Elucidating the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease: a focus on systemic inflammation
    Sihyun Kim, Jong Pil Im
    Intestinal Research.2025; 23(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
    Hye Kyung Hyun, Jae Hee Cheon
    Gut and Liver.2025; 19(3): 307.     CrossRef
  • Multiomics analysis reveals the potential mechanism of high‐fat diet in dextran sulfate sodium‐induced colitis mice model
    Yuyang Zhao, Zhimin Chen, Ruiyi Dong, Yufan Liu, Yixin Zhang, Yan Guo, Meiyi Yu, Xiang Li, Jiangbin Wang
    Food Science & Nutrition.2024; 12(10): 8309.     CrossRef
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  • 319 Download
  • 2 Web of Science
  • 3 Crossref
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IBD
Filgotinib induction-study baseline characteristics of patients with ulcerative colitis who achieve sustained corticosteroid-free remission: post hoc analysis of the phase 2b/3 SELECTION study
Taku Kobayashi, Axel Dignass, Xavier Roblin, Yoshie Takatori, Toshihiko Kaise, Alessandra Oortwijn, Corinne Jamoul, Toshifumi Hibi
Intest Res 2025;23(1):65-75.   Published online June 14, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00007
Funded: Gilead Sciences K.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Gilead Sciences, Galapagos NV
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Obtaining and maintaining corticosteroid-free remission are important goals of treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC). Characteristics associated with achieving corticosteroid-free remission were assessed in filgotinib-treated patients in SELECTION, a 58-week, phase 2b/3 trial in moderately to severely active UC.
Methods
This post hoc analysis used data from filgotinib-treated patients receiving corticosteroids at maintenance baseline in SELECTION. Univariate logistic regression was performed to assess induction baseline characteristics associated with 6 months of corticosteroid-free remission at week 58, defined as clinical remission without using corticosteroids for at least 6 months.
Results
At maintenance baseline, 92 and 81 patients were receiving corticosteroids in the filgotinib 200 mg and filgotinib 100 mg groups, respectively. Age, body mass index, history of pancolitis, disease duration, fecal calprotectin levels, C-reactive protein levels, Mayo Clinic Score, concomitant corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and aminosalicylates had no statistically significant effect on the likelihood of achieving corticosteroid-free remission. Baseline characteristics associated with increased odds of corticosteroid-free remission were Mayo Clinic Endoscopic Subscore of 2 (vs. 3) in the filgotinib 200 mg and filgotinib 100 mg groups, and female (vs. male) sex, current (vs. former or never) smoking, and being biologic‑naive (vs. experienced) in the filgotinib 200 mg group.
Conclusions
Steroid tapering can be achieved in patients with UC receiving filgotinib 200 mg independently of baseline characteristics such as clinical activity and duration of illness. However, the likelihood of achieving corticosteroid-free remission was higher among patients who were biologic-naive, current smokers, had low endoscopic inflammatory burden and who were female.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • In which patients with ulcerative colitis would filgotinib be effective?
    Jihye Park
    Intestinal Research.2025; 23(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • 3,485 View
  • 210 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Review
IBD
Optimizing 5-aminosalicylate for moderate ulcerative colitis: expert recommendations from the Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa Inflammatory Bowel Disease Coalition
Filiz Akyüz, Yoon Kyo An, Jakob Begun, Satimai Aniwan, Huu Hoang Bui, Webber Chan, Chang Hwan Choi, Nazeer Chopdat, Susan J Connor, Devendra Desai, Emma Flanagan, Taku Kobayashi, Allen Yu-Hung Lai, Rupert W Leong, Alex Hwong-Ruey Leow, Wai Keung Leung, Julajak Limsrivilai, Virly Nanda Muzellina, Kiran Peddi, Zhihua Ran, Shu Chen Wei, Jose Sollano, Michelle Mui Hian Teo, Kaichun Wu, Byong Duk Ye, Choon Jin Ooi
Intest Res 2025;23(1):37-55.   Published online November 4, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00089
Funded: Ferring Pharmaceuticals
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
The lack of clear definition and classification for “moderate ulcerative colitis (UC)” creates ambiguity regarding the suitability of step-up versus top-down treatment approaches. In this paper, experts address crucial gaps in assessing and managing moderate UC. The Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa Inflammatory Bowel Disease Coalition comprised 24 experts who convened to share, discuss and vote electronically on management recommendations for moderate UC. Experts emphasized that the goal of treating UC is to attain clinical, biomarker, and endoscopic remission using cost-effective strategies such as 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs), well-tolerated therapy that can be optimized to improve outcomes. Experts agreed that 5-ASA therapy could be optimized by maximizing dosage (4 g/day for induction of remission), combining oral and topical administration, extending treatment duration beyond 8 weeks, and enhancing patient adherence through personalized counselling and reduced pill burden. Treatment escalation should ideally be reserved for patients with predictors of aggressive disease or those who do not respond to 5-ASA optimization. Premature treatment escalation to advanced therapies (including biologics and oral small molecules) may have long-term health and financial consequences. This paper provides consensus-based expert recommendations and a treatment algorithm, based on current evidence and practices, to assist decision-making in real-world settings.
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Original Articles
IBD
Ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasms often harbor poor prognostic histologic components with low detection by biopsy
Ryoya Sakakibara, Shinya Sugimoto, Kaoru Takabayashi, Hiroki Kiyohara, Yusuke Wakisaka, Yuta Kaieda, Miho Kawaida, Yusuke Yoshimatsu, Tomohisa Sujino, Naoki Hosoe, Motohiko Kato, Masayuki Shimoda, Yohei Mikami, Yasushi Iwao, Takanori Kanai
Intest Res 2024;22(4):428-438.   Published online May 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00006
Funded: Takeda Science Foundation
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma, signet-ring cell carcinoma, and mucinous adenocarcinoma (por/sig/muc), which are considered to be histologic subtypes with a poor prognosis, occur more frequently with colitis-associated cancer than with sporadic tumors. However, their invasiveness and manifestations are unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the por/sig/muc component in ulcerative colitis-associated neoplasms (UCANs) and its association with invasiveness and to clarify its clinicohistologic and endoscopic features.
Methods
This retrospective observational study included patients diagnosed with ulcerative colitis-associated high-grade dysplasia or adenocarcinoma from 1997 to 2022 who were divided according to the presence or absence of a por/sig/muc component.
Results
Thirty-five patients had UCAN with a por/sig/muc component and 66 had UCAN without this component. The 5-year survival rate was significantly lower in the por/sig/muc group than in the tub group (67% vs. 96%, P= 0.001), which was attributed to disease above stage III and depth to below the subserosa. Biopsy-based diagnosis before resection detected a por/sig/muc component in only 40% of lesions (14/35). Lesions with a por/sig/muc component were prevalent even in the early stages: stage 0 (4/36, 11%), I (8/20, 40%), II (7/12, 58%), III (10/14, 71%), and IV (6/8, 75%).
Conclusions
This is the first investigation that shows UCANs with a por/sig/muc component tended to be deeply invasive and were often not recognized preoperatively. Endoscopists should be aware that UCAN often has a por/sig/muc component that is not always recognized on biopsy, and the optimal treatment strategy needs to be carefully considered.
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IBD
Predictors of histologic remission in patients with biologic-naïve, moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis treated with first-line biologic agents and small-molecule drugs: a single-center, retrospective cohort study
Kijae Jo, Kwang Woo Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim, Seong-Joon Koh
Intest Res 2024;22(4):453-463.   Published online May 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00044
Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
The prevalence and incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Korea is increasing. Each patient has a different disease course and treatment response. Recently, with the development of biologic agents, histological remission has become a treatment goal. In this study, we aimed to identify the predictors of histological remission after first-line biologic agent treatment in patients with biologic agent-naïve UC.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 92 patients who had been diagnosed with UC and treated with first-line biologic agent treatment at our center, between 2015 and 2022. The clinical characteristics, laboratory test results, and endoscopic and biopsy findings were analyzed. Histological remission was defined as the absence of cryptitis, crypt abscesses, and inflammatory cells on histology. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the predictors of histological remission after first-line treatment.
Results
Of the total 92 patients, 25 (27.2%) achieved histological remission. Each cohort had a varied body mass index (BMI) distribution, with a statistically significant overweight ratio, as defined by the Asian-Pacific BMI category of 23–25 kg/m2, of 48.0% in the histological remission cohort (P= 0.026). A causal correlation between the overweight category and histological remission was confirmed (odds ratio, 3.883; 95% confidence interval, 1.141–13.212; P= 0.030).
Conclusions
We confirmed that the overweight category was a predictor of histological remission after first-line treatment with a biological agent. However, as BMI does not account for skeletal muscle mass, future studies are required to confirm the correlation between skeletal muscle mass and histological remission.
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IBD
Early change in serum leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein predicts clinical and endoscopic response in ulcerative colitis
Ryo Karashima, Shintaro Sagami, Yoko Yamana, Masa Maeda, Aya Hojo, Yusuke Miyatani, Masaru Nakano, Takahisa Matsuda, Toshifumi Hibi, Taku Kobayashi
Intest Res 2024;22(4):473-483.   Published online June 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00135
Funded: Kitasato University Kitasato Institute Hospital
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein (LRG) is a new serum biomarker reflecting the disease activity of ulcerative colitis (UC), but its change during the acute phase has not been enough investigated.
Methods
Patients with UC who initiated the induction therapy with steroid or advanced therapy (biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors) were prospectively enrolled. Associations of LRG, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fecal calprotectin (FC) at baseline, week 1, and week 8 with clinical remission at week 8 and subsequent endoscopic improvement within 1 year (Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 or 1) were assessed.
Results
A total of 143 patients with UC were included. LRG and CRP at week 1 were significantly lower in the clinical remission group than in the non-remission group (LRG, 20.6 μg/mL vs. 28.4 μg/mL, P< 0.001; CRP, 0.9 mg/dL vs. 2.3 mg/dL, P< 0.001) while FC demonstrated the difference between groups only at week 8. The area under the curves of week 1 LRG, CRP, and FC for week 8 clinical remission using the receiver operating characteristic curves analysis were 0.68, 0.71, and 0.57, respectively. Furthermore, LRG and CRP predicted subsequent endoscopic improvement as early as week 1, while FC was predictive only at week 8.
Conclusions
LRG can be an early-phase biomarker predicting subsequent clinical and endoscopic response to induction therapy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The diagnostic accuracy of plasma and serum calprotectin is inferior to C-reactive protein in patients with suspected Crohn’s disease
    M. H. Rasmussen, J. B. Brodersen, C. L. Brasen, J. S. Madsen, T. Knudsen, J. Kjeldsen, M. D. Jensen
    Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; 60(3): 235.     CrossRef
  • Changes of leucine-rich alpha 2 glycoprotein could be a marker of changes of endoscopic and histologic activity of ulcerative colitis
    Yuki Aoyama, Sakiko Hiraoka, Eriko Yasutomi, Toshihiro Inokuchi, Takehiro Tanaka, Kensuke Takei, Shoko Igawa, Keiko Takeuchi, Masahiro Takahara, Junki Toyosawa, Yasushi Yamasaki, Hideaki Kinugasa, Jun Kato, Hiroyuki Okada, Motoyuki Otsuka
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Real‐World Effectiveness and Safety of Mirikizumab Induction Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicentre Retrospective Observational Study
    Yasuhiro Takagi, Toshiyuki Sato, Takanori Nishiguchi, Akira Nogami, Masataka Igeta, Soichi Yagi, Maiko Ikenouchi, Mikio Kawai, Koji Kamikozuru, Yoko Yokoyama, Toshihiko Tomita, Hirokazu Fukui, Masayuki Fukata, Taku Kobayashi, Shinichiro Shinzaki
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Leucine-Rich Alpha-2 Glycoprotein 1 as a Biomarker for Evaluation of Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity in Children
    Betül Aksoy, Yeliz Çağan Appak, Murat Akşit, Serenay Çetinoğlu, Sinem Kahveci, Şenay Onbaşı Karabağ, Selen Güler, İlksen Demir, İnanç Karakoyun, Maşallah Baran
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(8): 2803.     CrossRef
  • Editorial: Real‐World Effectiveness of Mirikizumab in Ulcerative Colitis—A Valuable but Preliminary Glimpse. Authors' Reply
    Shinichiro Shinzaki, Yasuhiro Takagi, Toshiyuki Sato
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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IBD
Perianal fistulizing lesions of Crohn’s disease are associated with long-term behavior and its transition: a Chinese cohort study
Wei Zhan, Xiaoyin Bai, Hong Yang, Jiaming Qian
Intest Res 2024;22(4):484-495.   Published online July 15, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00021
Funded: National Key R&D Program of China, National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding, Capital Health Research and Development of Special Foundation, CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key Clinical Specialty Construction Project, Peking Union Medical College Teaching Reform in Undergraduate Education
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Crohn’s disease (CD) has a progressive nature and commonly perianal involvement. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence, surgical treatment, and outcome of perianal fistulizing CD with associated risk factors in a large Chinese cohort.
Methods
Hospitalized patients diagnosed with CD in our center were consecutively enrolled between January 2000 and December 2018. Transition of disease behavior was classified according to the presence or absence of penetrating behavior (B3 in the Montreal classification) at diagnosis and at a median follow-up of 102 months.
Results
A total of 504 patients were included, of whom 207 (41.1%) were classified as B3 and 348 (69.0%) as L2/3 at follow-up. Transition of behavior to B3 was observed in 86 patients (17.1%). The incidence of perianal fistulizing lesions was 10.9% at 10 years with a final prevalence of 27.0% (n = 136) at the end of follow-up. Multivariate Cox regression identified independent risks of perianal fistulizing lesions for persistent B3 (hazard ratio, 4.72; 95% confidence interval, 1.91–11.66) and behavior transition of progressed to B3 (hazard ratio, 9.90; 95% confidence interval, 4.60–21.33). Perianal surgical treatments were performed in 104 patients (20.6%). Thirty-six cases (7.1%) were refractory, and it is independently associated with behavior of persistent B3 (P= 0.011).
Conclusions
Perianal fistulizing lesions occurred frequently in Chinese CD patients. Its incidence and refractory outcome were closely associated with the penetrating CD behavior. An additional risk of perianal fistulizing lesions was indicated for CD patients with behavior of progressing to B3, suggesting further attention.
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IBD
Association between oral corticosteroid starting dose and the incidence of pneumonia in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: a nation-wide claims database study
Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Tomoyuki Inoue, Hiroaki Tsuchiya, Katsumasa Nagano, Toshiyuki Iwahori
Intest Res 2024;22(3):319-335.   Published online February 6, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00071
Funded: Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K.
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
A previous study demonstrated that half of patients started oral corticosteroids (OCS) for ulcerative colitis (UC) exacerbations at lower doses than recommended by Japanese treatment guidelines (initial OCS prednisolone equivalent dose, 30–40 mg). This may relate to physician’s concern about infection, especially pneumonia including Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP), from high OCS doses. We assessed whether pneumonia incidence is increased with guideline-recommended OCS initial doses.
Methods
This retrospective cohort study used the Japan Medical Data Center claims database (2012–2021). The whole cohort consisted of all UC patients who started OCS during the study period meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The matched cohort was created by propensity score matching; the lower (initial OCS dose < 30 mg), guideline-recommended (30–40 mg), and higher groups ( > 40 mg) in a 2:2:1 ratio. Pneumonia incidence in the primary analysis was evaluated in the matched cohort. A Poisson regression model determined pneumonia-related risk factors in the whole cohort.
Results
After screening, 3,349 patients comprised the whole cohort; 1,775 patients comprised the matched cohort (lower dose, n = 710; guideline-recommended dose, n = 710; higher dose, n = 355). The incidence of any pneumonia was low; no differences were observed in incidence rates across these dose subgroups. In total, 3 PJP cases were found in the whole cohort, but not detected in the matched cohort. Several risk factors for any pneumonia were identified, including age, higher comorbidities index, treatment in large facility and hospitalization.
Conclusions
The incidence of pneumonia, including PJP, in UC patients was low across initial OCS dose treatment subgroups.

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  • Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
    Hye Kyung Hyun, Jae Hee Cheon
    Gut and Liver.2025; 19(3): 307.     CrossRef
  • 4,242 View
  • 360 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Review
Functional disorder
Diagnostic strategy of irritable bowel syndrome: a low- and middle-income country perspective
Amal Arifi Hidayat, Langgeng Agung Waskito, Titong Sugihartono, Hafeza Aftab, Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha, Ratha-korn Vilaichone, Muhammad Miftahussurur
Intest Res 2024;22(3):286-296.   Published online March 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00199
Funded: Universitas Airlangga
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder associated with substantial impairment which considerably burdens healthcare systems worldwide. Research on IBS has largely been conducted in high-income countries posing barriers to the application of diagnostic strategies in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to differences in disease characteristics, healthcare resources, and socioeconomic factors. This review discusses the diagnostic issues associated with LMICs. We present a concise overview of the relevant approaches and propose a diagnostic strategy based on the latest evidence. A positive diagnostic strategy that relies on appropriate symptom-based criteria is crucial within the diagnostic framework. A combination of complete blood count, fecal occult blood test, and complete stool test may reliably identify individuals with suspected IBS who are more likely to have organic diseases, thus justifying the necessity for a colonoscopy. Eventually, we developed a diagnostic algorithm based on a limited setting perspective that summarizes the available evidence and may be applied in LMICs.

Citations

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  • 2025 Seoul Consensus on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
    Yonghoon Choi, Young Hoon Youn, Seung Joo Kang, Jeong Eun Shin, Young Sin Cho, Yoon Suk Jung, Seung Yong Shin, Cheal Wung Huh, Yoo Jin Lee, Hoon Sup Koo, Kwangwoo Nam, Hong Sub Lee, Dong Hyun Kim, Ye Hyun Park, Min Cheol Kim, Hyo Yeop Song, Sung-Hoon Yoon
    Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility.2025; 31(2): 133.     CrossRef
  • 5,702 View
  • 279 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Article
IBD
Changes in the clinical course and prognosis of ulcerative colitis in Chinese populations: a retrospective cohort study
Xinyu Liu, Qingfan Yang, Na Diao, Jian Tang, Zicheng Huang, Xiang Gao, Kang Chao
Intest Res 2024;22(3):357-368.   Published online May 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00106
Funded: National Nature Science Foundation of China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Data on the natural course of Chinese patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) was lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the natural history and prognosis of patients with UC in the past 15 years in China.
Methods
This cohort study included patients with UC in a tertiary hospital in southern China from 2007 to 2021 (cohort I: 2007–2011, cohort II: 2012–2016, cohort III: 2017–2021). Patients’ clinical characteristics and natural history were analyzed retrospectively.
Results
Of 1,139 included patients, 683 patients presented with proctitis or left-sided colitis at diagnosis and 38.5% of them (263/683) developed proximal disease extension. Fifty-eight percent of patients experienced relapse, chronic continuous and intermittent active course. Five patients (0.4%) developed colorectal tumors/dysplasia. The overall surgery rate was 8.6%, and the rates were 14.2%, 7.8%, and 8.0% in the 3 cohorts, respectively (P= 0.059). Average time from diagnosis to surgery decreased from cohorts I to III (144 months vs. 36 months, P< 0.001), so did the use of glucocorticoids (58.2% vs. 43.5%, P< 0.001) and immunosuppressants (14.1% vs. 13.4%, P= 0.016), and days of hospitalization (13 days vs. 9 days, P< 0.001). Biologics were used more frequently during the first year (0.8%, 2.1%, and 13.7% for cohorts I to III, respectively; P< 0.001). The rate of mucosal healing increased over time.
Conclusions
In Chinese UC patients, one-third of patients experienced proximal disease extension. The rates of malignancy and mortality were low. More biologics were used, while use of immunosuppressants and glucocorticoids were reduced over time. Early biologics use seemed to promote mucosal healing, but the rate of colectomy has not dramatically decreased.
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Letter to the Editor
IBD
Halitosis: an underestimated but important extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease
Xiao Xian Qian
Intest Res 2024;22(3):387-388.   Published online May 7, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00016
Funded: National Natural Science Foundation of China
PDFPubReaderePub

Citations

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  • Metabolic musculoskeletal disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    Young Joo Yang, Seong Ran Jeon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(2): 181.     CrossRef
  • 2,106 View
  • 147 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Article
IBD
Assessing quality of magnetic resonance enterography and its impact on disease assessment of ileal Crohn’s disease
Anuj Bohra, Declan J Connoley, Danny Con, Jonathan P Segal, Olga Niewiadomski, Abhinav Vasudevan, Daniel R Van Langenberg, Numan Kutaiba
Intest Res 2024;22(2):152-161.   Published online January 5, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00095
Funded: Australian Government Research Training Program
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Assessment of quality of magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) in small bowel Crohn’s disease (CD) activity evaluation has received little attention. We assessed the impact of bowel distention and motion artifact on MRE activity indices in ileal CD.
Methods
A cohort of patients who underwent contemporaneous MRE and colonoscopy for ileal CD assessment between 2014 and 2021 at 2 centers were audited. An abdominal radiologist blinded to clinical data reviewed each MRE, graded bowel distention and motion artifact upon a pre-specified 3-point scale and calculated the original magnetic resonance index of activity (MaRIA) and simplified MaRIA (sMaRIA), London index and CD MRE index (CDMI). Ileal endoscopic activity was graded via the Simplified Endoscopy Score for CD (SES-CD). The performance of MRE indices in discriminating active disease (SES-CD ≥3) stratified by MRE quality was measured by receiver operator characteristic analyses.
Results
One hundred and thirty-seven patients had MRE and colonoscopy within a median of 16 days (range, 0–30 days) with 63 (46%) exhibiting active disease (SES-CD ≥3). Forty-four MREs (32%) were deemed low quality due to motion artifact and/or moderate to poor distention. Low-quality MREs demonstrated reduced discriminative performance between ileal SES-CD ≥3 and MRE indices (MaRIA 0.838 vs. 0.634, sMaRIA 0.834 vs. 0.527, CDMI 0.850 vs. 0.595, London 0.748 vs. 0.511, P<0.05 for all). Individually the presence of any motion artifact markedly impacted the discriminative performance (e.g., sMaRIA area under the curve 0.544 vs. 0.814, P<0.05).
Conclusions
Image quality parameters can significantly impact MRE disease activity interpretation. Quality metrics should be reported, enabling cautious interpretation in lower-quality studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Magnetic resonance enterography in diagnosing and monitoring of adult-onset IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) with gastro-intestinal involvement: Report of two cases
    Edoardo Conticini, Susanna Guerrini, Paolo Falsetti, Maria Antonietta Mazzei, Luca Cantarini, Bruno Frediani
    The Egyptian Rheumatologist.2024; 46(2): 90.     CrossRef
  • Advocating for Consensus: The Crucial Role of Standardised Magnetic Resonance Imaging Protocols and Image Quality Metrics in Assessment of Crohn’s Disease
    Mustafa Mohamedrashed, Mayur Garg, Anuj Bohra
    Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2024; 18(9): 1524.     CrossRef
  • Achieving high-quality magnetic resonance enterography is critical for assessing Crohn’s disease activity
    Kyoung Doo Song
    Intestinal Research.2024; 22(2): 117.     CrossRef
  • Bowel preparation after mid-gut tubing enhanced the efficacy and compliance of magnetic resonance enterography in Crohn’s disease: a randomized controlled trial
    Yun Wang, Min Dai, Minghui Zheng, Yan Jin, Quan Wen, Bota Cui, Zulun Zhang, Jianguo Zhu, Faming Zhang
    Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Brief Communication
IBD/ Infection
Durability and outcomes of fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection in patients with moderate to severe inflammatory bowel disease
Raseen Tariq, Edward V Loftus Jr, Darrell Pardi, Sahil Khanna
Intest Res 2024;22(2):208-212.   Published online January 9, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00100
Funded: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Perception of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis in Korea: a KASID multicenter study
    Jebyung Park, Sung Noh Hong, Hong Sub Lee, Jongbeom Shin, Eun Hye Oh, Kwangwoo Nam, Gyeol Seong, Hyun Gun Kim, Jin-Oh Kim, Seong Ran Jeon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(5): 783.     CrossRef
  • 3,794 View
  • 210 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Crossref
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Original Articles
IBD
Efficacy and safety of mirikizumab as induction and maintenance therapy for Japanese patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: a subgroup analysis of the global phase 3 LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 studies
Taku Kobayashi, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Mamoru Watanabe, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Fumihito Hirai, Joe Milata, Xingyuan Li, Nathan Morris, Vipin Arora, Tomoko Ishizuka, Koji Matsuo, Yoichi Satoi, Catherine Milch, Toshifumi Hibi
Intest Res 2024;22(2):172-185.   Published online April 25, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00043
Funded: Eli Lilly and Company
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Mirikizumab is a p19-directed anti-interleukin-23 antibody with potential efficacy against ulcerative colitis (UC). We evaluated the efficacy and safety of mirikizumab in a Japanese subpopulation with moderately to severely active UC from the LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 studies.
Methods
LUCENT-1 and LUCENT-2 were phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of mirikizumab therapy in adults with moderately to severely active UC. LUCENT-1 was a 12-week induction trial where patients were randomized 3:1 to receive intravenous mirikizumab 300 mg or placebo every 4 weeks (Q4W). Patients achieving a clinical response with mirikizumab following the induction study were re-randomized 2:1 to double-blind treatment with either mirikizumab 200 mg or placebo subcutaneously Q4W during the 40-week maintenance study. The primary outcomes were clinical remission at week 12 of LUCENT-1 and week 40 of LUCENT-2.
Results
A total of 137 patients enrolled in Japan were randomized to mirikizumab (n = 102) or placebo (n = 35). Compared with placebo, patients who received mirikizumab showed numerically higher clinical remission at week 12 of induction (32.4% [n = 33] vs. 2.9% [n = 1]) and at week 40 of maintenance (48.9% [n = 23] vs. 28.0% [n = 7]). A greater number of patients achieved key secondary endpoints in the mirikizumab group compared with placebo. The frequency of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar across mirikizumab and placebo groups. Efficacy and safety results observed in the Japanese subpopulation were generally consistent with those in the overall population.
Conclusions
Mirikizumab induction and maintenance treatments were effective in Japanese patients with moderately to severely active UC. No new safety concerns were identified.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Efficacy and safety of IL-23 p19 inhibitors in the treatment for inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Shuhan Wang, Hui Sun, Qian Wang, Han Xiao
    Frontiers in Pharmacology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Real‐World Effectiveness and Safety of Mirikizumab Induction Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: A Multicentre Retrospective Observational Study
    Yasuhiro Takagi, Toshiyuki Sato, Takanori Nishiguchi, Akira Nogami, Masataka Igeta, Soichi Yagi, Maiko Ikenouchi, Mikio Kawai, Koji Kamikozuru, Yoko Yokoyama, Toshihiko Tomita, Hirokazu Fukui, Masayuki Fukata, Taku Kobayashi, Shinichiro Shinzaki
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Mirikizumab – a new option in treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
    Jakub Olszewski, Katarzyna Kozon, Magdalena Sitnik, Katarzyna Herjan, Karolina Mikołap, Bartłomiej Gastoł, Maciej Bara, Piotr Armański, Marcin Sawczuk
    Prospects in Pharmaceutical Sciences.2024; 22(3): 178.     CrossRef
  • Key Interleukins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Review of Recent Studies
    David Aebisher, Dorota Bartusik-Aebisher, Agnieszka Przygórzewska, Piotr Oleś, Paweł Woźnicki, Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 26(1): 121.     CrossRef
  • 5,739 View
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  • 4 Web of Science
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IBD
Ischemia-modified albumin: a novel blood marker of endoscopic mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease
Seung Bum Lee, Hyun-Ki Kim, Sang Hyuk Park, Ji-Hun Lim, Sang Hyoung Park
Intest Res 2024;22(1):75-81.   Published online November 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00065
Funded: National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
The achievement of endoscopic remission is an important therapeutic goal in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We aimed to evaluate the role of fecal calprotectin (FCP) and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) as biomarkers for evaluating IBD disease activity.
Methods
A total of 48 patients with IBD (20 with ulcerative colitis and 28 with Crohn’s disease) were included in this study. FCP and serum C-reactive protein levels, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and IMA were measured in patients with IBD and compared with endoscopic findings.
Results
Elevated FCP and serum IMA levels were significantly associated with endoscopic non-mucosal healing. The correlation between FCP and IMA was not significant. Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve showed that both FCP and IMA had diagnostic value in predicting non-mucosal healing. When the Ln(FCP)+IMA/10 value was calculated using both factors, the predictive value for non-mucosal healing increased; however, no significant difference was observed.
Conclusions
IMA could be a candidate serum biomarker for predicting endoscopic mucosal healing in IBD.

Citations

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  • A novel serum biomarker of endoscopic mucosal healing in inflammatory bowel disease
    Hyoun Woo Kang
    Intestinal Research.2024; 22(1): 3.     CrossRef
  • 3,318 View
  • 251 Download
  • 1 Crossref
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Reviews
IBD
Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
Himani Pandey, Dheeraj Jain, Daryl W. T. Tang, Sunny H. Wong, Devi Lal
Intest Res 2024;22(1):15-43.   Published online November 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00080
Funded: Nanyang Technological University, Wang Lee Wah Memorial Fund, Ministry of Education - Singapore
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.

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    Great Iruoghene Edo, Alice Njolke Mafe, Ali B.M. Ali, Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie, Emad Yousif, Jesse Innocent Apameio, Endurance Fegor Isoje, Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku, Yasal Garba, Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah, Dina S. Ahmed, Huzaifa Umar, Dilber Uzun Oz
    International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2025; 289: 138633.     CrossRef
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    Great Iruoghene Edo, Alice Njolke Mafe, Nawar. F. Razooqi, Ebuka Chukwuma Umelo, Tayser Sumer Gaaz, Endurance Fegor Isoje, Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku, Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie, Rapheal Ajiri Opiti, Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah, Dina S. Ahmed, Huzaifa Uma
    Designed Monomers and Polymers.2025; 28(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Himani Pandey, Daryl W. T. Tang, Sunny H. Wong, Devi Lal
    Intestinal Research.2025; 23(1): 8.     CrossRef
  • Protective effect of low-dose lactulose in dextran sulfate sodium induced ulcerative colitis model of rats
    Min Cui, Wei-Ming Yang, Ping Yao
    Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Linda Galasso, Fabrizio Termite, Irene Mignini, Giorgio Esposto, Raffaele Borriello, Federica Vitale, Alberto Nicoletti, Mattia Paratore, Maria Elena Ainora, Antonio Gasbarrini, Maria Assunta Zocco
    Cancers.2025; 17(3): 368.     CrossRef
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    Zhuoya Wang, Tian Liu, Li Liu, Jian Xie, Furui Tang, Yimin Pi, Yuchun Zhong, Zhidong He, Wenming Zhang, Cihua Zheng
    Pharmacological Research.2025; 213: 107663.     CrossRef
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    Zelin Guan, Peilin Niu, Qichao Tan, Yidong Wang, Shujing Deng, Danyang Wang, Kai Dong, Jianfeng Xing, Cuiyu You
    Materials Advances.2025; 6(5): 1578.     CrossRef
  • Metabolic musculoskeletal disorders in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    Young Joo Yang, Seong Ran Jeon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(2): 181.     CrossRef
  • Photobiomodulation and the oral-gut microbiome axis: therapeutic potential and challenges
    Neda Hakimiha, Somayeh Jahani Sherafat, E-Liisa Laakso, Reza Fekrazad
    Frontiers in Medicine.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Frontiers in Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Sara Deleu, Inge Jacobs, Jorge F. Vazquez Castellanos, Sare Verstockt, Bruna Trindade de Carvalho, Ana Subotić, Bram Verstockt, Kaline Arnauts, Lowie Deprez, Eva Vissers, Matthias Lenfant, Greet Vandermeulen, Gert De Hertogh, Kristin Verbeke, Gianluca Mat
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    Xiu Wang, Jianhua Peng, Peipei Cai, Yuxuan Xia, Chengxue Yi, Anquan Shang, Francis Atim Akanyibah, Fei Mao
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    Nabeel Khalid Bhutta, Xiujin Xu, Cuiqin Jian, Yifan Wang, Yi Liu, Jinlyu Sun, Bingnan Han, Shandong Wu, Ansar Javeed
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  • Reduced gut microbiota diversity in ulcerative colitis patients with latent tuberculosis infection during vedolizumab therapy: insights on prophylactic anti-tuberculosis effects
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    BMC Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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IBD
Precision medicine in inflammatory bowel diseases
Ashwin N. Ananthakrishnan
Intest Res 2024;22(1):8-14.   Published online November 9, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00087
Funded: National Institutes of Health
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel diseases comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis have emerged as global diseases. Multiple distinct therapeutic mechanisms have allowed us to increase our rates of achieving remission and reducing permanent disease-related morbidity. However, there is limited data to inform relative positioning of different therapies. This review will summarize existing literature on use of clinical decision models to inform relative efficacy of one therapeutic mechanism compared to the other given individual patient characteristics. It will also demonstrate the value of serologic, transcriptomic (from biopsies), and microbiome-based biomarkers in identifying which therapy is most likely to work for a given patient. We will review the existing gaps in the literature in this field and suggest a path forward for future studies to better inform patient care, incorporating the principles of precision medicine in the management of inflammatory bowel disease.

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  • In which patients with ulcerative colitis would filgotinib be effective?
    Jihye Park
    Intestinal Research.2025; 23(1): 1.     CrossRef
  • Editorial: Another brick in the CDST wall: Authors' reply
    Kyuwon Kim, Byong Duk Ye
    Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2024; 60(1): 87.     CrossRef
  • Cytokine Profile in Predicting the Effectiveness of Advanced Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis: A Narrative Review
    Hiroki Kurumi, Yoshihiro Yokoyama, Takehiro Hirano, Kotaro Akita, Yuki Hayashi, Tomoe Kazama, Hajime Isomoto, Hiroshi Nakase
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(5): 952.     CrossRef
  • Revolutionizing Gastrointestinal Disorder Management: Cutting-Edge Advances and Future Prospects
    Chahat Suri, Babita Pande, Tarun Sahu, Lakkakula Suhasini Sahithi, Henu Kumar Verma
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(13): 3977.     CrossRef
  • 4,425 View
  • 321 Download
  • 5 Web of Science
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Original Articles
IBD
Association of colonic metaplasia of goblet cells and endoscopic phenotypes of the J pouch in patients with ulcerative colitis: a retrospective pilot study
Shintaro Akiyama, Tsubasa Onoda, Shoko Moue, Noriaki Sakamoto, Taku Sakamoto, Hideo Suzuki, Tsuyoshi Enomoto, Daisuke Matsubara, Tatsuya Oda, Kiichiro Tsuchiya
Intest Res 2024;22(1):92-103.   Published online January 29, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00105
Funded: Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Mucosal adaptation of the ileum toward colonic epithelium has been reported in pouchitis in ulcerative colitis (UC); however, the clinical characteristics, endoscopic findings, and outcomes in patients with pouchitis with ileal mucosal adaptation are poorly understood.
Methods
This was a single-center retrospective study comprising UC patients treated by proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis who had undergone pouchoscopy at the University of Tsukuba Hospital between 2005 and 2022. Endoscopic phenotypes were evaluated according to the Chicago classification. High-iron diamine staining (HID) was performed to identify sulfomucin (colon-type mucin)-producing goblet cells (GCs) in pouch biopsies. We compared clinical data between patients with (high HID group) and without > 10% sulfomucin-producing GCs in at least one biopsy (low HID group).
Results
We reviewed 390 endoscopic examination reports from 50 patients. Focal inflammation was the most common phenotype (78%). Five patients (10%) required diverting ileostomy. Diffuse inflammation and fistula were significant risk factors for diverting ileostomy. The median proportion of sulfomucin-producing GCs on histological analysis of 82 pouch biopsies from 23 patients was 9.9% (range, 0%–93%). The duration of disease was significantly greater in the high HID group compared to the low HID group. The median percentage of sulfomucin-producing GCs was significantly higher in patients with diffuse inflammation or fistula compared to other endoscopic phenotypes (14% vs. 6.0%, P= 0.011).
Conclusions
Greater proportions of sulfomucin-producing GCs were observed in endoscopic phenotypes associated with poor outcomes in UC, indicating patients with pouchitis showing colonic metaplasia of GCs may benefit from early interventions.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Endoscopic assessment of the J pouch in ulcerative colitis: A narrative review
    Shintaro Akiyama, Edward L Barnes, Tsubasa Onoda, Naoki Ishikawa, Mamiko Shiroyama, Yuka Ito, David T Rubin, Kiichiro Tsuchiya
    DEN Open.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prevalence and predictability of the Chicago Classification of Pouchitis in ulcerative colitis: a multicenter study in Japan
    Shintaro Akiyama, Ryohei Hayashi, Takeshi Takasago, Kurando Kusunoki, Hiroki Ikeuchi, Kento Takenaka, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Kazutaka Koganei, Nobuhiro Ueno, Mikihiro Fujiya, Naoki Hosoe, Fumikazu Koyama, Yasuhisa Sakata, Motohiro Esaki, Ken Takeuchi, Makoto
    Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A Comparative Analysis of Clinical Symptoms and Modified Pouchitis Disease Activity Index Among Endoscopic Phenotypes of the J Pouch in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
    Shintaro Akiyama, Nathaniel A Cohen, Jacob E Ollech, Cindy Traboulsi, Tina Rodriguez, Victoria Rai, Laura R Glick, Yangtian Yi, Joseph Runde, Russell D Cohen, Kinga B Skowron, Roger D Hurst, Konstantin Umanskiy, Benjamin D Shogan, Neil H Hyman, Michele A
    Crohn's & Colitis 360.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 3,230 View
  • 158 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
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IBD
Serum albumin is the strongest predictor of anti-tumor necrosis factor nonresponse in inflammatory bowel disease in resource-constrained regions lacking therapeutic drug monitoring
Peeyush Kumar, Sudheer K. Vuyyuru, Prasenjit Das, Bhaskar Kante, Mukesh Kumar Ranjan, David Mathew Thomas, Sandeep Mundhra, Pabitra Sahu, Pratap Mouli Venigalla, Saransh Jain, Sandeep Goyal, Rithvik Golla, Shubi Virmani, Mukesh K. Singh, Karan Sachdeva, Raju Sharma, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Intest Res 2023;21(4):460-470.   Published online March 17, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00128
Funded: Indian Council for Medical Research
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Evidence on predictors of primary nonresponse (PNR), and secondary loss of response (SLR) to anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents in inflammatory bowel disease is scarce from Asia. We evaluated clinical/biochemical/molecular markers of PNR/SLR in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).
Methods
Inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with anti-TNF agents (January 2005–October 2020) were ambispectively included. Data concerning clinical and biochemical predictors was retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Immunohistochemistry for expression of oncostatin M (OSM), OSM receptor (OSM-R), and interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) were done on pre anti-TNF initiation mucosal biopsies.
Results
One-hundred eighty-six patients (118 CD, 68 UC: mean age, 34.1±13.7 years; median disease duration at anti-TNF initiation, 60 months; interquartile range, 28–100.5 months) were included. PNR was seen in 17% and 26.5% and SLR in 47% and 28% CD and UC patients, respectively. In CD, predictors of PNR were low albumin (P<0.001), postoperative recurrence (P=0.001) and high IL-7R expression (P<0.027) on univariate; and low albumin alone (hazard ratio [HR], 0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03–0.28; P<0.001) on multivariate analysis respectively. Low albumin (HR, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.15–0.62; P=0.001) also predicted SLR. In UC, predictors of PNR were low albumin (P<0.001), and high C-reactive protein (P<0.001), OSM (P<0.04) and OSM-R (P=0.07) stromal expression on univariate; and low albumin alone (HR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.03–0.39; P=0.001) on multivariate analysis respectively.
Conclusions
Low serum albumin at baseline significantly predicted PNR in UC and PNR/SLR in CD patients. Mucosal markers of PNR were high stromal OSM/OSM-R in UC and high IL-7R in CD patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Effectiveness of Switching to Subcutaneous Infliximab in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Experiencing Intravenous Infliximab Failure
    June Hwa Bae, Jung-Bin Park, Ji Eun Baek, Seung Wook Hong, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sung Wook Hwang
    Gut and Liver.2024; 18(4): 667.     CrossRef
  • Tofacitinib in Steroid-Refractory Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Retrospective Analysis
    Sayan Malakar, Srikanth Kothalkar, Umair Shamsul Hoda, Uday C Ghoshal
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 5,381 View
  • 461 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 2 Crossref
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Review
IBD
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
Intest Res 2023;21(4):420-432.   Published online September 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00039
Funded: National Institutes of Health, PLRC Pilot and Feasibility, Pittsburgh Liver Research Center
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive cholestatic, inflammatory, and fibrotic disease that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PSC-IBD represents a unique disease entity and patients with this disease have an increased risk of malignancy development, such as colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. The pathogenesis of PSC-IBD involves genetic and environmental factors such as gut dysbiosis and bile acids alteration. However, despite the advancement of disease characteristics, no effective medical therapy has proven to have a significant impact on the prognosis of PSC. The treatment options for patients with PSC-IBD do not differ from those for patients with PSC alone. Potential candidate drugs have been developed based on the pathogenesis of PSC-IBD, such as those that target modulation of bile acids, inflammation, fibrosis, and gut dysbiosis. In this review, we summarize the current medical treatments for PSC-IBD and the status of new emerging therapeutic agents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Hepatic Nuclear Receptors in Cholestasis-to-Cholangiocarcinoma Pathology
    Inyoung Cheon, Minwook Kim, Kang Ho Kim, Sungjin Ko
    The American Journal of Pathology.2025; 195(3): 409.     CrossRef
  • Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre el manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en atención primari
    Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
    Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2025; 48(3): 502255.     CrossRef
  • Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre el manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en atención primari
    Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
    Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN.2025; 51(3): 102334.     CrossRef
  • Position statement of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in Primary Care
    Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
    Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2025; 48(3): 502255.     CrossRef
  • Novel preclinical developments of the primary sclerosing cholangitis treatment landscape
    Aalam Sohal, Kris V. Kowdley
    Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.2024; 33(4): 335.     CrossRef
  • Gut Microbiota in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From Prognostic Role to Therapeutic Implications
    Valeria Maccauro, Francesca Fianchi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana Ponziani
    Digestive Diseases.2024; 42(4): 369.     CrossRef
  • Global research trends on the relationship between IBD and CRC: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023
    Hao Zhang, Huiru Xin, Mengqi Zhao, Chenyang Bi, Yafei Xiao, Yifan Li, Changjiang Qin
    Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Halitosis: an underestimated but important extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease
    Xiao Xian Qian
    Intestinal Research.2024; 22(3): 387.     CrossRef
  • Phenotypes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children
    M.B. Dyba, V.S. Berezenko
    GASTROENTEROLOGY.2024; 58(4): 270.     CrossRef
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Original Article
Colorectal neoplasia
The elderly population are more vulnerable for the management of colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide, population-based study
Hong Sun Kang, Seung Hoon Jeon, Su Bee Park, Jin Young Youn, Min Seob Kwak, Jae Myung Cha
Intest Res 2023;21(4):500-509.   Published online August 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00004
Funded: Ministry of Food and Drug Safety
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) may worse in elderly population, as almost all COVID-19 deaths occurred in the elderly patients. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on CRC management in the elderly population.
Methods
The numbers of patients who underwent colonoscopy, who visited hospitals or operated for CRC in 2020 and 2021 (COVID-19 era) were compared with those in 2019, according to 3 age groups (≥70 years, 50–69 years, and ≤49 years), based on the nationwide, population-based database (2019–2021) in South Korea.
Results
The annual volumes of colonoscopy and hospital visits for CRC in 2020 were more significantly declined in the old age group than in the young age group (both P<0.001). In addition, the annual volume of patients operated for CRC numerically more declined in old age group than in young age group. During the first surge of COVID-19 (March and April 2020), old age patients showed statistically significant declines for the monthly number of colonoscopies (–46.5% vs. –39.3%, P<0.001), hospital visits (–15.4% vs. –7.9%, P<0.001), CRC operations (–33.8% vs. –0.7%, P<0.05), and colonoscopic polypectomies (–41.8% vs. –38.0%, P<0.001) than young age patients, compared with those of same months in 2019.
Conclusions
Elderly population are more vulnerable for the management of CRC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the elderly population are more carefully cared for in the management of CRC during the next pandemic.

Citations

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  • The impact of COVID-19 on clinical practices of colorectal cancer in South Korea
    Kwang Woo Kim, Hyoun Woo Kang
    Intestinal Research.2025; 23(1): 6.     CrossRef
  • To overcome medical gap in screening and surveillance of colorectal cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic
    Yoo Min Han
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 418.     CrossRef
  • 2,974 View
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Review
Microbiota
Gut microbiome on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and consequent immune-related colitis: a review
Sung Wook Hwang, Min Kyu Kim, Mi-Na Kweon
Intest Res 2023;21(4):433-442.   Published online August 29, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00019
Funded: Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have dramatically revolutionized the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced malignancies. Recently, convincing evidence has shown meaningful influence of gut microbiome on human immune system. With the complex link between gut microbiome, host immunity and cancer, the variations in the gut microbiota may influence the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Indeed, some bacterial species have been reported to be predictive for cancer outcome in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently proven to be an effective anti-tumor treatment, they can induce a distinct form of toxicity, termed immune-related adverse events. Immune-related colitis is one of the common toxicities from immune checkpoint inhibitors, and it might preclude the cancer therapy in severe or refractory cases. The manipulation of gut microbiome by fecal microbiota transplantation or probiotics administration has been suggested as one of the methods to enhance anti-tumor effects and decrease the risk of immune-related colitis. Here we review the role of gut microbiome on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and consequent immune-related colitis to provide a new insight for better anti-cancer therapy.

Citations

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  • Incidence and risk factors of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis in Korean patients with cancer
    Tae Kyun Kim, Hyun Seok Lee, Eun Soo Kim
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2025; 40(1): 49.     CrossRef
  • Hidden Partner of Immunity: Microbiome as an Innovative Companion in Immunotherapy
    Pyoseung Kim, Sunggeun Joe, Heeyoung Kim, Hyejeong Jeong, Sunghwan Park, Jihwan Song, Wondong Kim, Yong Gu Lee
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(2): 856.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Probiotics on Improving Intestinal Mucosal Permeability and Inflammation after Surgery
    Min-Jae Kim, Young Ju Lee, Zahid Hussain, Hyojin Park
    Gut and Liver.2025; 19(2): 207.     CrossRef
  • Date yogurt supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) encapsulated in wild sage (Salvia macrosiphon) mucilage and sodium alginate by extrusion: The survival and viability against the gastrointestinal condition, cold storage, heat, and salt wi
    Mahsa Abbasi Saadi, Seyed Saeed Sekhavatizadeh, Hassan Barzegar, Behrooz Alizadeh Behbahani, Mohammad Amin Mehrnia
    Food Science & Nutrition.2024; 12(10): 7630.     CrossRef
  • Toxicity in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
    Synat Keam, Naimah Turner, Fernanda G. Kugeratski, Rene Rico, Jocelynn Colunga-Minutti, Rayansh Poojary, Sayan Alekseev, Anisha B. Patel, Yuanteng Jeff Li, Ajay Sheshadri, Monica E. Loghin, Karin Woodman, Ashley E. Aaroe, Sarah Hamidi, Priyanka Chandrasek
    Frontiers in Immunology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Endoscopic findings of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related gastrointestinal adverse events
    Min Kyu Kim, Sung Wook Hwang
    Clinical Endoscopy.2024; 57(6): 725.     CrossRef
  • Causality between gut microbiota, immune cells, and breast cancer: Mendelian randomization analysis
    Rui Lv, Danyan Wang, Tengyue Wang, Rongqun Li, Aiwen Zhuang
    Medicine.2024; 103(49): e40815.     CrossRef
  • 5,388 View
  • 322 Download
  • 9 Web of Science
  • 7 Crossref
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Brief Communication
IBD
Clinical features of enteric and colo-duodenal fistula in patients with Crohn’s disease
Jun Su Lee, Sang-Bum Kang, Kwangbeom Park, Yong Sik Yoon, Chang Sik Yu, Sung Wook Hwang, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Jong Lyul Lee, Sang Hyoung Park
Intest Res 2023;21(3):406-410.   Published online February 22, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00125
Funded: Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Ministry of Health and Welfare, National Research Foundation of Korea, Ministry of Science and ICT
PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • The potential for medical therapies to address fistulizing Crohn’s disease: a state-of-the-art review
    Mohammad Shehab, Davide De Marco, Peter L. Lakatos, Talat Bessissow
    Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy.2024; 24(8): 733.     CrossRef
  • 3,372 View
  • 270 Download
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Review
IBD
Does caffeine have a double-edged sword role in inflammation and carcinogenesis in the colon?
Emiko Mizoguchi, Takayuki Sadanaga, Toshiyuki Okada, Takanori Minagawa, Jun Akiba
Intest Res 2023;21(3):306-317.   Published online April 20, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00118
Funded: Ishibashi Foundation for the Promotion of Science, Japan Society for the Women’s Health Science, Fukuoka Clinical Medical Research Award, Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, also abbreviated to CAF) is a natural chemical with stimulant effects and is commonly included in many drinks and foods, including coffee, tea, cola, energy drinks, cocoa, chocolates, and so on. Our group previously reported that oral administration of CAF efficiently suppressed the development of intestinal inflammation in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced murine acute colitis model by suppressing the expression of chitinase 3-like 1, one of the mammalian chitinases without enzymatic activity. Chitinases are hydrolytic enzymes that break down chitin, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, and chitinase-like proteins have no enzymatic activity with preserving chitin-binding ability. CAF binds a cleft of the chitinase active site and plays a role as a pan-chitinase inhibitor. Although CAF showed an anti-inflammatory effect in the above model, oral administration of low-dose CAF with 10% sucrose showed potentially neoplastic effects in colonic epithelial cells in a DSS-induced murine chronic colitis model. In this review, we would like to discuss the pros and cons of coffee/CAF in colonic inflammation and neoplasia with an example of pathological finding.

Citations

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  • Strategies for enhancing sustainable and economic utilization of almond waste through a comprehensive multi-stage systematic approach to pathogen control
    Manjula Nishantha Udagepolage Don, Singarayer Florentine, Chris Turville, Kithsiri Dassanayake
    Journal of Natural Pesticide Research.2025; 12: 100126.     CrossRef
  • Caffeine modulates immunoproteasome activity and content in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells
    Alexander Burov, Alexander Rezvykh, Valeria Vedernikova, Alexey Belogurov, Vladimir Prassolov, Pavel Spirin, Sergey Funikov, Alexey Morozov, Vadim Karpov
    Biochimie.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Evaluation of the effect of roasting and digestion on biological activity of compounds of coffee extracts - in vitro assessment of the bioavailability, cytoprotective properties and modulation of inflammatory response
    Joanna Grzelczyk, Grażyna Budryn, Dominik Szwajgier, Ewa Baranowska-Wójcik, Małgorzata Zakłos-Szyda
    Food Chemistry.2024; 460: 140648.     CrossRef
  • Recently Updated Role of Chitinase 3-like 1 on Various Cell Types as a Major Influencer of Chronic Inflammation
    Emiko Mizoguchi, Takayuki Sadanaga, Linda Nanni, Siyuan Wang, Atsushi Mizoguchi
    Cells.2024; 13(8): 678.     CrossRef
  • Comprehensive evaluation of Capsosiphon fulvescens water extract: Assessing its effects on intestinal barrier integrity and inflammation in vitro and in vivo
    Yu Rim Kim, Soo-yeon Park, Ji Yeon Kim
    Journal of Functional Foods.2024; 123: 106563.     CrossRef
  • Dose–Response Associations Between Diet and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies
    Yuanyuan Dong, Darren Greenwood, James Webster, Chinwe Uzokwe, Jinhui Tao, Laura Hardie, Janet Cade
    Nutrients.2024; 16(23): 4050.     CrossRef
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