1. Abraham C, Cho JH. Inflammatory bowel disease. N Engl J Med 2009;361:2066-2078.PMID:
19923578.
2. Fiocchi C. Inflammatory bowel disease: etiology and pathogenesis. Gastroenterology 1998;115:182-205.PMID:
9649475.
3. Mirza AH, Berthelsen CH, Seemann SE, et al. Transcriptomic landscape of lncRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease. Genome Med 2015;7:39PMID:
10.1186/s13073-015-0162-2. PMID:
25991924.
4. Kaser A, Zeissig S, Blumberg RS. Inflammatory bowel disease. Annu Rev Immunol 2010;28:573-621.PMID:
20192811.
5. Zhang YZ, Li YY. Inflammatory bowel disease: pathogenesis. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:91-99.PMID:
24415861.
6. Ananthakrishnan AN. Epidemiology and risk factors for IBD. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;12:205-217.PMID:
25732745.
7. Hu PJ. Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: the challenges and opportunities. Intest Res 2015;13:188-190.PMID:
26130991.
8. Prideaux L, Kamm MA, De Cruz PP, Chan FK, Ng SC. Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: a systematic review. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012;27:1266-1280.PMID:
22497584.
9. Ng SC. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: focus on Asia. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2014;28:363-372.PMID:
24913377.
10. Ali RA. The positive influences of increasing age at diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease on disease prognostication in Asian perspective. Intest Res 2015;13:4-5.PMID:
25691837.
11. Ng SC. Emerging trends of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2016;12:193-196.PMID:
27231449.
12. Ng SC, Tang W, Ching JY, et al. Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-pacific Crohn's and colitis epidemiology study. Gastroenterology 2013;145:158-165.e2.PMID:
23583432.
13. Kanai T, Matsuoka K, Naganuma M, Hayashi A, Hisamatsu T. Diet, microbiota, and inflammatory bowel disease: lessons from Japanese foods. Korean J Intern Med 2014;29:409-415.PMID:
25045286.
14. Ng SC. Emerging leadership lecture: inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: emergence of a “Western” disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;30:440-445.PMID:
25469874.
15. Cheon JH. Genetics of inflammatory bowel diseases: a comparison between Western and Eastern perspectives. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:220-226.PMID:
23189979.
16. Söderman J, Berglind L, Almer S. Gene Expression-genotype analysis implicates GSDMA, GSDMB, and LRRC3C as contributors to inflammatory bowel disease susceptibility. Biomed Res Int 2015;2015:834805. PMID:
10.1155/2015/834805. PMID:
26484354.
17. Xu XR, Liu CQ, Feng BS, Liu ZJ. Dysregulation of mucosal immune response in pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:3255-3264.PMID:
24695798.
18. Palmieri O, Mazzoccoli G, Bossa F, et al. Systematic analysis of circadian genes using genome-wide cDNA microarrays in the inflammatory bowel disease transcriptome. Chronobiol Int 2015;32:903-916.PMID:
26172092.
19. Fang K, Grisham MB, Kevil CG. Application of comparative transcriptional genomics to identify molecular targets for pediatric IBD. Front Immunol 2015;6:165PMID:
10.3389/fimmu.2015.00165. PMID:
26085826.
20. Planell N, Lozano JJ, Mora-Buch R, et al. Transcriptional analysis of the intestinal mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis in remission reveals lasting epithelial cell alterations. Gut 2013;62:967-976.PMID:
23135761.
21. Hong SN, Joung JG, Bae JS, et al. RNA-seq reveals transcriptomic differences in inflamed and noninflamed intestinal mucosa of Crohn's disease patients compared with normal mucosa of healthy controls. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017;23:1098-1108.PMID:
28613228.
22. Adams J. Transcriptome: connecting the genome to gene function. Nat Educ 2008;1:195.
23. Frith MC, Pheasant M, Mattick JS. The amazing complexity of the human transcriptome. Eur J Hum Genet 2005;13:894-897.PMID:
15970949.
24. Mathew S, Shaabad M, Hussein S, Mira L, Qadri I. The need behind messenger RNA sequencing analysis. Int J Adv Res 2015;3:1260-1270.
25. Elliott DJ. Illuminating the transcriptome through the genome. Genes (Basel) 2014;5:235-253.PMID:
24705295.
26. Wan Y, Kertesz M, Spitale RC, Segal E, Chang HY. Understanding the transcriptome through RNA structure. Nat Rev Genet 2011;12:641-655.PMID:
21850044.
27. Peet A, Lieberman M, Marks AD. Marks' basic medical biochemistry (Lieberman, Marks's basic medical biochemistry). 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2013.
28. Gray NK, Hrabálková L, Scanlon JP, Smith RW. Poly(A)-binding proteins and mRNA localization: who rules the roost? Biochem Soc Trans 2015;43:1277-1284.PMID:
26614673.
29. Holgersen K, Kutlu B, Fox B, et al. High-resolution gene expression profiling using RNA sequencing in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and in mouse models of colitis. J Crohns Colitis 2015;9:492-506.PMID:
25795566.
30. Zhang T, Song B, Zhu W, et al. An ileal Crohn's disease gene signature based on whole human genome expression profiles of disease unaffected ileal mucosal biopsies. PLoS One 2012;7:e37139. PMID:
10.1371/journal.pone.0037139. PMID:
22606341.
31. Wu F, Dong F, Arendovich N, Zhang J, Huang Y, Kwon JH. Divergent influence of microRNA-21 deletion on murine colitis phenotypes. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2014;20:1972-1985.PMID:
25222661.
32. Li E, Hamm CM, Gulati AS, et al. Inflammatory bowel diseases phenotype, C. difficile and NOD2 genotype are associated with shifts in human ileum associated microbial composition. PLoS One 2012;7:e26284. PMID:
10.1371/journal.pone.0026284. PMID:
22719818.
33. van Lierop PP, Swagemakers SM, de Bie CI, et al. Gene expression analysis of peripheral cells for subclassification of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease in remission. PLoS One 2013;8:e79549. PMID:
10.1371/journal.pone.0079549. PMID:
24260248.
34. Zhao Z, Jinde S, Kakiuchi C, Kasai K. Extracellular elevation of adrenomedullin, a gene associated with schizophrenia, suppresses heat shock protein 1A/1B mRNA. Neuroreport 2016;27:1312-1316.PMID:
27776076.
35. Lee TI, Young RA. Transcriptional regulation and its misregulation in disease. Cell 2013;152:1237-1251.PMID:
23498934.
36. Xu L, Ma L, Lian J, Yang J, Chen S. Gene expression alterations in inflamed and unaffected colon mucosa from patients with mild inflammatory bowel disease. Mol Med Rep 2016;13:2729-2735.PMID:
26861951.
37. Costello CM, Mah N, Häsler R, et al. Dissection of the inflammatory bowel disease transcriptome using genome-wide cDNA microarrays. PLoS Med 2005;2:e199. PMID:
10.1371/journal.pmed.0020199. PMID:
16107186.
38. Karahan G, Sayar N, Gozum G, Bozkurt B, Konu O, Yulug IG. Relative expression of rRNA transcripts and 45S rDNA promoter methylation status are dysregulated in tumors in comparison with matched-normal tissues in breast cancer. Oncol Rep 2015;33:3131-3145.PMID:
25962577.
39. Porokhovnik LN, Pasekov VP, Egolina NA, et al. Oxidative stress, rRNA genes, and antioxidant enzymes in pathogenesis of schizophrenia and autism: modeling and clinical advices. Zh Obshch Biol 2013;74:340-353.PMID:
25438566.
40. Peng GH, Fang F, Zheng J, et al. Mitochondrial 12S rRNA variants studies in 456 subjects with hearing loss in seven schools for deaf and mutes in Zhejiang province. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi 2012;47:996-1003.PMID:
23328039.
41. Torres AG, Batlle E, Ribas de Pouplana L. Role of tRNA modifications in human diseases. Trends Mol Med 2014;20:306-314.PMID:
24581449.
42. Giegé R, Jühling F, Pütz J, Stadler P, Sauter C, Florentz C. Structure of transfer RNAs: similarity and variability. Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA 2012;3:37-61.PMID:
21957054.
43. Thompson DM, Lu C, Green PJ, Parker R. tRNA cleavage is a conserved response to oxidative stress in eukaryotes. RNA 2008;14:2095-2103.PMID:
18719243.
44. Melançon CE 3rd, Schultz PG. One plasmid selection system for the rapid evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009;19:3845-3847.PMID:
19398201.
45. Novikova IV, Hennelly SP, Tung CS, Sanbonmatsu KY. Rise of the RNA machines: exploring the structure of long non-coding RNAs. J Mol Biol 2013;425:3731-3746.PMID:
23467124.
46. Bassett AR, Akhtar A, Barlow DP, et al. Considerations when investigating lncRNA function in vivo. Elife 2014;3:e03058. PMID:
10.7554/eLife.03058. PMID:
25124674.
47. Shoemaker DD, Schadt EE, Armour CD, et al. Experimental annotation of the human genome using microarray technology. Nature 2001;409:922-927.PMID:
11237012.
48. Lander ES, Linton LM, Birren B, et al. Initial sequencing and analysis of the human genome. Nature 2001;409:860-921.PMID:
11237011.
49. Mercer TR, Neph S, Dinger ME, et al. The human mitochondrial transcriptome. Cell 2011;146:645-658.PMID:
21854988.
50. Kornienko AE, Guenzl PM, Barlow DP, Pauler FM. Gene regulation by the act of long non-coding RNA transcription. BMC Biol 2013;11:59PMID:
10.1186/1741-7007-11-59. PMID:
23721193.
51. Muers M. RNA: genome-wide views of long non-coding RNAs. Nat Rev Genet 2011;12:742PMID:
10.1038/nrg3088.
52. Fabian MR, Sonenberg N, Filipowicz W. Regulation of mRNA translation and stability by microRNAs. Annu Rev Biochem 2010;79:351-379.PMID:
20533884.
53. Schanen BC, Li X. Transcriptional regulation of mammalian miRNA genes. Genomics 2011;97:1-6.PMID:
20977933.
54. Chen Y, Stallings RL. Differential patterns of microRNA expression in neuroblastoma are correlated with prognosis, differentiation, and apoptosis. Cancer Res 2007;67:976-983.PMID:
17283129.
55. Lüningschrör P, Hauser S, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C. MicroRNAs in pluripotency, reprogramming and cell fate induction. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013;1833:1894-1903.PMID:
23557785.
56. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 2009;136:215-233.PMID:
19167326.
57. Lages E, Ipas H, Guttin A, Nesr H, Berger F, Issartel JP. MicroRNAs: molecular features and role in cancer. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2012;17:2508-2540.PMID:
22652795.
58. Di Stefano V, Zaccagnini G, Capogrossi MC, Martelli F. MicroRNAs as peripheral blood biomarkers of cardiovascular disease. Vascul Pharmacol 2011;55:111-118.PMID:
21846509.
59. Tijsen AJ, Creemers EE, Moerland PD, et al. MiR423-5p as a circulating biomarker for heart failure. Circ Res 2010;106:1035-1039.PMID:
20185794.
60. Kim HY, Kwon HY, Thi HT, et al. MicroRNA-132 and microRNA-223 control positive feedback circuit by regulating FOXO3a in inflammatory bowel disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;31:1727-1735.PMID:
26878986.
61. Häsler R, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Sinha A, et al. Uncoupling of mucosal gene regulation, mRNA splicing and adherent microbiota signatures in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2017;66:2087-2097.PMID:
27694142.
62. Palmieri O, Creanza TM, Bossa F, et al. Functional implications of microRNAs in Crohn's disease revealed by integrating microRNA and messenger RNA expression profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2017;18:E1580. PMID:
10.3390/ijms18071580. PMID:
28726756.
63. Swanson GR, Burgess HJ, Keshavarzian A. Sleep disturbances and inflammatory bowel disease: a potential trigger for disease flare? Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2011;7:29-36.PMID:
21162647.
64. Pekow JR, Kwon JH. MicroRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2012;18:187-193.PMID:
21425211.
65. Coskun M, Bjerrum JT, Seidelin JB, Troelsen JT, Olsen J, Nielsen OH. miR-20b, miR-98, miR-125b-1
*, and let-7e
* as new potential diagnostic biomarkers in ulcerative colitis. World J Gastroenterol 2013;19:4289-4299.PMID:
23885139.
67. Cardinale CJ, Wei Z, Li J, et al. Transcriptome profiling of human ulcerative colitis mucosa reveals altered expression of pathways enriched in genetic susceptibility loci. PLoS One 2014;9:e96153. PMID:
10.1371/journal.pone.0096153. PMID:
24788701.
68. Richard H, Schulz MH, Sultan M, et al. Prediction of alternative isoforms from exon expression levels in RNA-Seq experiments. Nucleic Acids Res 2010;38:e112. PMID:
10.1093/nar/gkq041. PMID:
20150413.
69. Kanaan Z, Rai SN, Eichenberger MR, et al. Differential microRNA expression tracks neoplastic progression in inflammatory bowel disease-associated colorectal cancer. Hum Mutat 2012;33:551-560.PMID:
22241525.
70. Olaru AV, Yamanaka S, Vazquez C, et al. MicroRNA-224 negatively regulates p21 expression during late neoplastic progression in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013;19:471-480.PMID:
23399735.
71. Polytarchou C, Hommes DW, Palumbo T, et al. MicroRNA214 Is associated with progression of ulcerative colitis, and inhibition reduces development of colitis and colitis-associated cancer in mice. Gastroenterology 2015;149:981-992.e11.PMID:
26055138.
72. Saeidnia S, Manayi A, Abdollahi M. From in vitro experiments to in vivo and clinical studies; pros and cons. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2015;12:218-224.PMID:
26778084.