Intestinal Research

Review

IBD

Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease: You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko; Intest Res 2023;21(4):420-432. Published online September 1, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00039

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive cholestatic, inflammatory, and fibrotic disease that is strongly associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PSC-IBD represents a unique disease entity and patients with this disease have an increased risk of malignancy development, such as colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma. The pathogenesis of PSC-IBD involves genetic and environmental factors such as gut dysbiosis and bile acids alteration. However, despite the advancement of disease characteristics, no effective medical therapy has proven to have a significant impact on the prognosis of PSC. The treatment options for patients with PSC-IBD do not differ from those for patients with PSC alone. Potential candidate drugs have been developed based on the pathogenesis of PSC-IBD, such as those that target modulation of bile acids, inflammation, fibrosis, and gut dysbiosis. In this review, we summarize the current medical treatments for PSC-IBD and the status of new emerging therapeutic agents.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Fecal calprotectin in patients with concomitant primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Giorgia Burrelli Scotti, Fabrizio Zullo, Marco Mattana, Francesco Covotta, Emanuela Ribichini, Domenico Alvaro, Vincenzo Cardinale
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Hepatic Nuclear Receptors in Cholestasis-to-Cholangiocarcinoma Pathology
Inyoung Cheon, Minwook Kim, Kang Ho Kim, Sungjin Ko
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Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre el manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en atención primari
Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2025; 48(3): 502255. CrossRef
Documento de posicionamiento de la Sociedad Española de Médicos de Atención Primaria (SEMERGEN) y del Grupo Español de Trabajo en Enfermedad de Crohn y Colitis Ulcerosa (GETECCU) sobre el manejo de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en atención primari
Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN.2025; 51(3): 102334. CrossRef
Position statement of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Physicians (SEMERGEN) and Spanish Working Group on Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis (GETECCU) on the management of inflammatory bowel disease in Primary Care
Daniel Ginard, Noelia Fontanillas, Iria Bastón-Rey, M. Elena Pejenaute, Marta Piqueras, Silvia Alcalde, Pilar Nos, Mercedes Ricote, Lucía Expósito, Míriam Mañosa, Manuel Barreiro-de Acosta, Francisco Rodríguez-Moranta, Yamile Zabana, José Polo, Ana Gutiér
Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2025; 48(3): 502255. CrossRef
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Chronic Antibiotic-Refractory Pouchitis in Korean Patients with Ulcerative Colitis
Ji Eun Baek, Jung-Bin Park, June Hwa Bae, Min Hyun Kim, Seung Wook Hong, Sung Wook Hwang, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Chang Sik Yu, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
Gut and Liver.2025; 19(3): 388. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis
Kwangwoo Nam, Jae Yong Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, Ha Won Hwang, Ho-Su Lee, Kyunghwan Oh, Hee Seung Hong, Kyuwon Kim, Jin Hwa Park, Seung Wook Hong, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang
Intestinal Research.2025; 23(4): 455. CrossRef
Novel preclinical developments of the primary sclerosing cholangitis treatment landscape
Aalam Sohal, Kris V. Kowdley
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs.2024; 33(4): 335. CrossRef
Gut Microbiota in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: From Prognostic Role to Therapeutic Implications
Valeria Maccauro, Francesca Fianchi, Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana Ponziani
Digestive Diseases.2024; 42(4): 369. CrossRef
Global research trends on the relationship between IBD and CRC: a bibliometric analysis from 2000 to 2023
Hao Zhang, Huiru Xin, Mengqi Zhao, Chenyang Bi, Yafei Xiao, Yifan Li, Changjiang Qin
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Halitosis: an underestimated but important extraintestinal manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease
Xiao Xian Qian
Intestinal Research.2024; 22(3): 387. CrossRef
Phenotypes of primary sclerosing cholangitis in children
M.B. Dyba, V.S. Berezenko
GASTROENTEROLOGY.2024; 58(4): 270. CrossRef

14,034 View
658 Download
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Original Article

IBD

Association of young age and male sex with primary sclerosing cholangitis in Taiwanese patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Meng-Tzu Weng, I-Lun Shih, Chien-Chih Tung, Yew-Loong Leong, Ming-Jium Shieh, Cheng-Yi Wang, Jau-Min Wong, Yen-Hsuan Ni, Shu-Chen Wei; Intest Res 2022;20(2):224-230. Published online February 8, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00042

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, clinical manifestation, and outcomes of PSC in Taiwanese patients with IBD. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with IBD admitted from January 1, 1996, to December 31, 2018, to National Taiwan University Hospital. A case-matched analysis was performed comparing patients with IBD with and without PSC according to age, sex, and time of admission, with ratios of 1:4 and 1:2 in the adult and pediatric groups, respectively.
Results
In total, 763 patients with IBD were enrolled, 12 of whom were also diagnosed with PSC (1.57%). All these patients had ulcerative colitis (UC). A greater incidence of IBD with PSC was observed in younger patients than in older patients. Male sex was a risk factor for PSC in pediatric patients with IBD (P=0.015); 75% of these patients were diagnosed with PSC along with or after the diagnosis of UC. There was no significant difference in colitis extent and severity between the groups; however, a higher proportion of rectal sparing was observed in patients with PSC (P=0.001). There was no significant difference in cancer development between the groups (P=0.679). Conclusions: A 1.57% prevalence of PSC was observed in Taiwanese patients with IBD. The majority of patients with IBD and PSC were men and were diagnosed at a younger age. Hence, routine evaluation of biliary enzymes and liver imaging is recommended in young male patients with IBD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Infections in primary sclerosing cholangitis and inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Navneet Natt, Tyrel Jones May, Gurpreet Malhi, Jennifer Dumond, Aliya Gulamhusein, Parul Tandon
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology.2025; 8(5): 163. CrossRef
Prevalence and risk factors of gallstone disease in Korean patients with ulcerative colitis
Kwangwoo Nam, Jae Yong Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, Ha Won Hwang, Ho-Su Lee, Kyunghwan Oh, Hee Seung Hong, Kyuwon Kim, Jin Hwa Park, Seung Wook Hong, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang
Intestinal Research.2025; 23(4): 455. CrossRef
Prevalence and Outcomes of Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multinational Study Across Asia
Shintaro Akiyama, Sang Hyoung Park, Ji Eun Baek, Sachiko Kanai, Naminatsu Takahara, Ryosuke Kasuga, Nobuhiro Nakamoto, Yasuhiro Takagi, Shinichiro Shinzaki, Meng-Tzu Weng, Shu-Chen Wei, Toshio Fujisawa, Hiroyuki Isayama, Sidharth Harindranath, Devendra De
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Hepatic Steatosis but Not Fibrosis Is Independently Associated with Poor Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Hye Kyung Hyun, Hye Won Lee, Jihye Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Tae Il Kim, Jae Seung Lee, Beom Kyung Kim, Jun Yong Park, Do Young Kim, Sang Hoon Ahn, Seung Up Kim, Jae Hee Cheon
Gut and Liver.2024; 18(2): 294. CrossRef
Safety of Biologics and Small Molecules for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Organ Transplant Recipients
Ga Hee Kim, Minjun Kim, Kyuwon Kim, Jung-Bin Park, Ji Eun Baek, June Hwa Bae, Seung Wook Hong, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
Yonsei Medical Journal.2024; 65(5): 276. CrossRef
Incidence and adverse clinical events of primary sclerosing cholangitis with ulcerative colitis
In Sub Han, Dong Hoon Baek, Seung Min Hong, Bong Eun Lee, Moon Won Lee, Gwang Ha Kim, Geun Am Song
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a condition exemplifying the crosstalk of the gut–liver axis
You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
Experimental & Molecular Medicine.2023; 55(7): 1380. CrossRef
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 420. CrossRef
Regional variations in the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease
Kwang Woo Kim, Hyoun Woo Kang
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 413. CrossRef
Is primary sclerosing cholangitis with inflammatory bowel disease different between patients in the East and West?
Yong Eun Park
Intestinal Research.2022; 20(2): 157. CrossRef

6,830 View
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9 Web of Science
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Case Reports

Colorectal neoplasia

Primary malignant melanoma without melanosis of the colon: Nam Hee Yi, Sang Heon Lee, Sang Heon Lee, Ji Hyun Kim, Sam Ryong Jee, Sang Yong Seol; Intest Res 2019;17(4):561-564. Published online August 5, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.00020

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Primary malignant melanoma (PMM) of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. Reported cases of PMM of the lower gastrointestinal tract typically describe anal and rectal involvement rather than colonic lesions. This report describes a rare case of a 50-year-old woman with PMM originating in the colon. The patient presented to Inje University Busan Paik Hospital with a 3-day history of blood-tinged stools. She underwent colonoscopy for a diagnosis of hematochezia. The colonoscopic examination revealed a large-sized semi-pedunculated sigmoid colon polyp with a reddish-colored mucosal surface. Endoscopic mucosal resection was performed, and the final histopathological findings were consistent with a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. Systemic work-up was performed for assessment of metastasis and to identify the primary tumor considering the high metastatic rate of gastrointestinal malignant melanoma; however, no other malignant lesion was detected. Thus, she was diagnosed with colonic PMM. She underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection and lymph node dissection and has been recurrence-free for > 2 years.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Malignant primary melanoma of the colon: a case report
Claire K Foley, Marybeth S Hughes, Charles T Hehman
Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

8,046 View
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1 Crossref

Capsule retention caused by duodenal metastases from primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma: Jen-Wei Chou, Ken-Sheng Cheng; Intest Res 2017;15(1):130-132. Published online January 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2017.15.1.130

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Metastatic small bowel cancers are extremely rare in clinical practice. Primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma with gastrointestinal metastasis is seldom reported in the literature. Here, we describe the case of an 80-year-old male patient with primary appendiceal adenocarcinoma, who presented to China Medical University Hospital with mid-gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Capsule endoscopy revealed stenotic bowel lumen, but the capsule was retained in the distal duodenum. Double-balloon enteroscopy demonstrated erosive and erythematous mucosa in the region of capsule retention. The retained capsule was retrieved successfully by using an electrosurgical snare. Histological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy specimen from the duodenal lesion strongly supported the diagnosis of metastatic appendiceal adenocarcinoma.

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Original Article

Clinicopathological Characteristics of Colon Cancer Diagnosed at Primary Health Care Institutions: Sang Hyun Park, Chi Wook Song, Yun Bae Kim, Young Sun Kim, Hwang Rae Chun, Jung Hyun Lee, Won Jong Seol, Hyung Sun Yoon, Myung Kwon Lee, Jong Hyup Lee, Choon Sang Bhang, Jae Hyung Park, Ji Young Park, Byung Hun Do, Young Dae Park, Sang Jeong Yoon, Chan Wook Park, Su Mi Yoon, Jong Hwan Choi, Ki Chul Shin, Dong Hoon Ko, Young Jin Kim, Dong Choon Seol; Intest Res 2014;12(2):131-138. Published online April 29, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.2.131

Abstract PDF PubReader

<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of colon cancers detected at the SOK Sokpeynhan Internal Medical Network, a nationwide system of primary health care institutions.

Methods

We analyzed 579 colon cancer patients diagnosed using colonoscopy at the SOK network from January 2011 through December 2012. Cancers from the rectum to the splenic flexure were classified as left colon cancer. Patients over 65 were classified as senior.

Results

The mean age (±SD) of subjects was 60.9±10.5 years and 61.1% were men. More than one quarter (28.2%) of patients were asymptomatic. The prevalence of left colon cancer was higher (77.9%) than that for right colon cancer. The most frequent macroscopic and histologic types were depressed (58.9%) and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (52.2%), respectively. Asymptomatic subjects displayed protruding or well differentiated adenocarcinoma, while symptomatic patients were more likely to display depressed or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). The mean age of the right colon cancer group was higher than that for the left colon cancer group (P<0.05). Among symptomatic patients, the most frequent symptoms were bloody stool for patients with left colon cancer and abdominal discomfort for patients with right colon cancer (P<0.05). The prevalence of depressed cancer was higher in older subjects as compared to younger subjects (P<0.05). The prevalence of right colon cancer tended to increase with age, although this difference did not achieve statistical significance (P>0.05).

Conclusions

Study results indicated an increase of colon cancer amongst younger demographics in recent years. The effectiveness of colonoscopy screening was also evident, as asymptomatic patients demonstrated frequent findings of well differentiated adenocarcinomas. Study results also suggested a need for closer examination of older patients, as right colon cancer tended to increase with age.

Citations

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Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with an increased risk of colorectal neoplasia
Seohui Lee, Byeong Gwan Kim, Ji Won Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Dae Lim Koo, Hyunwoo Nam, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim, Seong-Joon Koh
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2017; 85(3): 568. CrossRef
The Short-term Outcome and Safety of Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Resection in Very Elderly Patients
Won Beom Jung, Jin Yong Shin, Byoung Jo Suh
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 69(5): 291. CrossRef
Malformin A1 treatment alters invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of human colorectal cancer cells through stimulation of the p38 signaling pathway
Sun-Young Park, Hyung-Hoon Oh, Young-Lan Park, Hyung-Min Yu, Dae-Seong Myung, Sung-Bum Cho, Wan-Sik Lee, Daeho Park, Young-Eun Joo
International Journal of Oncology.2017; 51(3): 959. CrossRef
Impact of KITENIN on tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer
HYUNG-HOON OH, KANG-JIN PARK, NURI KIM, SUN-YOUNG PARK, YOUNG-LAN PARK, CHAN-YOUNG OAK, DAE-SEONG MYUNG, SUNG-BUM CHO, WAN-SIK LEE, KYUNG-KEUN KIM, YOUNG-EUN JOO
Oncology Reports.2016; 35(1): 253. CrossRef
Do Serrated Polyps Increase the Risk of Colorectal Cancer Development?
Su Hwan Kim, Ji Won Kim
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 67(3): 161. CrossRef
Molecular correlates and prognostic value of tmTNF-α expression in colorectal cancer of 5-Fluorouracil-Based Adjuvant Therapy
Xiaogai Li, Shihai Wang, HuiJun Ren, Junfen Ma, Xiaoxu Sun, Nan Li, Cailin Liu, Kaida Huang, Min Xu, Liang Ming
Cancer Biology & Therapy.2016; 17(6): 684. CrossRef
Synergistic Effects of Simvastatin and Irinotecan against Colon Cancer Cells with or without Irinotecan Resistance
Hyun Joo Jang, Eun Mi Hong, Juah Jang, Jung Eun Choi, Se Woo Park, Hyun Woo Byun, Dong Hee Koh, Min Ho Choi, Sea Hyub Kae, Jin Lee
Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2016; 2016: 1. CrossRef
Risk of developing advanced colorectal neoplasia after removing high‐risk adenoma detected at index colonoscopy in young patients: A KASID study
Soo‐Kyung Park, Nam Hee Kim, Yoon Suk Jung, Won Hee Kim, Chang Soo Eun, Bong Min Ko, Geom Seog Seo, Jae Myung Cha, Jae Jun Park, Kyeong Ok Kim, Chang Mo Moon, Yoonho Jung, Eun Soo Kim, Seong Ran Jeon, Chang Kyun Lee, Dong Il Park
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Effect of Recepteur d'Origine Nantais expression on chemosensitivity and tumor cell behavior in colorectal cancer
NURI KIM, SUNG-BUM CHO, YOUNG-LAN PARK, SUN-YOUNG PARK, EUN MYUNG, SEUNG-HUN KIM, HYUNG-MIN YU, YOUNG-AE SON, DAE-SEONG MYUNG, WAN-SIK LEE, YOUNG-EUN JOO
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Simvastatin induces heme oxygenase-1 via NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation through ERK and PI3K/Akt pathway in colon cancer
Hyun Joo Jang, Eun Mi Hong, Mikang Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Juah Jang, Se Woo Park, Hyun Wu Byun, Dong Hee Koh, Min Ho Choi, Sea Hyub Kae, Jin Lee
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Filamin A interacting protein 1-like expression inhibits progression in colorectal cancer
Young-Lan Park, Sun-Young Park, Seung-Hyun Lee, Rul-Bin Kim, Joong-Keun Kim, Sung-Yoon Rew, Dae-Seong Myung, Sung-Bum Cho, Wan-Sik Lee, Hyun-Soo Kim, Young-Eun Joo
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Risk Factors for Delayed Post-Polypectomy Bleeding
Min Jung Kwon, You Sun Kim, Song I Bae, Young Il Park, Kyung Jin Lee, Jung Hwa Min, Soo Yeon Jo, Mi Young Kim, Hye Jin Jung, Seong Yeon Jeong, Won Jae Yoon, Jin Nam Kim, Jeong Seop Moon
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Chang Kyun Lee
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10,159 View
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