Intestinal Research

Original Articles

Burden of inflammatory bowel disease in India: analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019: Suprabhat Giri, Anuraag Jena, Praveen Kumar-M, Jaikumar Rajavoor Muniswamy, Preetam Nath, Vishal Sharma; Received August 26, 2024 Accepted December 4, 2024 Published online February 6, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00134 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub: Background/Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing across the globe, more so in populous countries like India. We aimed to study the disease burden and epidemiological trends of IBD in India and look closer into the disease pattern across the country from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
The burden of IBD was estimated in India using the data from the Global Burden of Disease estimate for 2019, which is a comprehensive worldwide project. The analysis included various parameters like incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years, years lived with disability, and years of life lost as age-adjusted rates (per 100,000 population). Using modeling, the prediction was also made for 2050 in India.
Results
The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability rates of IBD in India for 2019 were 2.34, 20.34, 0.40, and 13.04, respectively. These are lower than the global incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability rates of 4.97, 59.25, 0.54, and 20.15, respectively. The annual rates of change in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability rates in India from 1990 to 2019 were 0.05, –0.02, –0.36, and –0.35, respectively. The annual rates of change in incidence and prevalence are higher than the global rate of –0.18 and –0.19, while the annual rates of change in mortality and disability are lower than the global rate of –0.19 and –0.26.
Conclusions
The incidence and prevalence of IBD in India are lower compared to the global population but are increasing at a faster rate than the global population.

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IBD

Low prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in India: Arshdeep Singh, Vandana Midha, Vikram Narang, Saurabh Kedia, Ramit Mahajan, Pavan Dhoble, Bhavjeet Kaur Kahlon, Ashvin Singh Dhaliwal, Ashish Tripathi, Shivam Kalra, Narender Pal Jain, Namita Bansal, Rupa Banerjee, Devendra Desai, Usha Dutta, Vineet Ahuja, Ajit Sood; Intest Res 2023;21(4):452-459. Published online December 2, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00087

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) represents the most common hepatobiliary extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Limited data exist on PSC in patients with IBD from India. We aimed to assess the prevalence and disease spectrum of PSC in Indian patients with IBD.
Methods
Database of IBD patients at 5 tertiary care IBD centers in India were analyzed retrospectively. Data were extracted and the prevalence of PSC-IBD was calculated.
Results
Forty-eight patients out of 12,216 patients with IBD (9,231 UC, 2,939 CD, and 46 IBD unclassified) were identified to have PSC, resulting in a prevalence of 0.39%. The UC to CD ratio was 7:1. Male sex and pancolitis (UC) or colonic CD were more commonly associated with PSC-IBD. The diagnosis of IBD preceded the diagnosis of PSC in most of the patients. Majority of the patients were symptomatic for liver disease at diagnosis. Eight patients (16.66%) developed cirrhosis, 5 patients (10.41%), all UC, developed malignancies (3 colorectal cancer [6.25%] and 2 cholangiocarcinoma [4.16%]), and 3 patients died (2 decompensated liver disease [4.16%] and 1 cholangiocarcinoma [2.08%]) on follow-up. None of the patients mandated surgical therapy for IBD.
Conclusions
Concomitant PSC in patients with IBD is uncommon in India and is associated with lower rates of development of malignancies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Inflammatory bowel disease in south Asia: a scoping review
Shabari Shenoy, Anuraag Jena, Carrie Levinson, Vishal Sharma, Parakkal Deepak, Tina Aswani-Omprakash, Shaji Sebastian, Jean-Frederic Colombel, Manasi Agrawal
The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2025; 10(3): 259. CrossRef
Prevalence and bidirectional association between primary sclerosing cholangitis and Crohn's disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Dongyuan Zheng, Qinke Xu, Jin Wu, Zhouyue Gu, Jieya Chen, Yingchao Liu
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2025; : 502346. CrossRef
Frequency, spectrum and outcome of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis among patients presenting with cholestatic jaundice
Srikanth Kothalkar, Sayan Malakar, Piyush Mishra, Akash Mathur, Uday C. Ghoshal
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Ileal Pouch-Anal Anastomosis for Ulcerative Colitis: Predictors of Early and Late Complications
Yajnadatta Sarangi, Ashok Kumar, Somanath Malage, Nalinikanta Ghosh, Rahul Rahul, Ashish Singh, Supriya Sharma, Rajneesh K Singh, Anu Behari, Ashok Kumar
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence of Hepatobiliary Malignancies in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Matheus Souza, Luan C.V. Lima, Lubna Al-Sharif, Daniel Q. Huang
Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a condition exemplifying the crosstalk of the gut–liver axis
You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
Experimental & Molecular Medicine.2023; 55(7): 1380. CrossRef
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 420. CrossRef
Regional variations in the prevalence of primary sclerosing cholangitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease
Kwang Woo Kim, Hyoun Woo Kang
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 413. CrossRef

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Review

IBD

Landscape of inflammatory bowel disease in Singapore: Daren Low, Nidhi Swarup, Toshiyuki Okada, Emiko Mizoguchi; Intest Res 2022;20(3):291-296. Published online January 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00089

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), primarily Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, had been widely recognized to affect the Western population. However, the notable rise in prevalence of IBD in Asia, including Singapore, had garnered much attention to the causal role of the shift in trend, and more importantly, effective and safe management of the conditions of these groups of patients in terms of therapy, healthcare economics as well as patient well-being. This review presents a summary of the current landscape of IBD in Singapore, and discuss on areas that can be explored to improve and better understand the local condition, as prevalence continues to grow.

Citations

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Mariana Rodriguez Duran, Ghazala A. Datoo O’Keefe
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Association of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases with depression and anxiety in patients with type 2 diabetes: A nationwide population-based study
Oh Chan Kwon, Yuna Kim, Jaeyoung Chun, Kyungdo Han, Min-Chan Park, Ryul Kim, Jie-Hyun Kim, Young Hoon Youn, Hyojin Park
Frontiers in Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis combined with inflammatory bowel disease
You Sun Kim, Edward H. Hurley, Yoojeong Park, Sungjin Ko
Intestinal Research.2023; 21(4): 420. CrossRef
Evolving Trends and Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asia, 1990–2019: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study
Xuejie Chen, Xin Xiang, Weitong Xia, Xindi Li, Sidan Wang, Shuyu Ye, Li Tian, Lian Zhao, Feiyan Ai, Zhaohua Shen, Kai Nie, Minzi Deng, Xiaoyan Wang
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2023; 13(4): 725. CrossRef
Is primary sclerosing cholangitis with inflammatory bowel disease different between patients in the East and West?
Yong Eun Park
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Vaccination strategies for Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Yoo Jin Lee, Eun Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2022; 37(5): 920. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics of Korean Patients with Elderly-Onset Crohn’s Disease: Results from the Prospective CONNECT Study
You Sun Kim, Min Jeong Na, Byong Duk Ye, Jae Hee Cheon, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim
Gut and Liver.2022; 16(6): 995. CrossRef

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Original Articles

Inflammatory bowel diseases

Prevalence and patient awareness of inflammatory bowel disease in Kazakhstan: a cross-sectional study: Jamilya Kaibullayeva, Aliya Ualiyeva, Ainash Oshibayeva, Anar Dushpanova, John K. Marshall; Intest Res 2020;18(4):430-437. Published online September 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.00099

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
There has been a paucity of published data on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Central Asia and Kazakhstan. Therefore, we aimed to study IBD prevalence and patient awareness among adults in Kazakhstan.
Methods
The cross-sectional study was carried out among subjects of both sexes aged 18 years and older using IBD Alert Questionnaire (CalproQuest), single fecal calprotectin test, and endoscopy with biopsy to verify IBD from January to December 2017, across regions of Kazakhstan. All participants were included in the study after providing informed consent.
Results
Out of 115,556 subjects, there were 128 confirmed IBD cases, in which 36 Crohn’s disease (CD) and 92 ulcerative colitis (UC) cases identified. The age and sex-adjusted IBD prevalence were 113.9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 69.0–158.9) per 100,000 population. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence for UC were 84.4 (95% CI, 44.8–123.9) and for CD were 29.5 (95% CI, 8.2–50.9) per 100,000 population.
Conclusions
This is the first report on the prevalence of IBD with a verified diagnosis in the Central Asia and could be used to better plan and allocate healthcare resources for IBD management program.

Citations

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A review investigating delays in Crohn's disease diagnosis
Christophe Souaid, Eddy Fares, Paul Primard, Gilles Macaigne, Weam El Hajj, Stephane Nahon
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Awareness of inflammatory bowel disease among the general population of Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia
Turki Alkully, Sarah Taishan, Wafaa Taishan, Lara Alsakka, Njood Alghamdi, Nouf Alghamdi, Mohammed Alghamdi
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Sang Jun Sohn, Kanat Batyrbekov, Ainura Galiakbarova, Laura Yerdaliyeva, Jamilya Kaibullayeva, Jeongwoo Ju, Haejin Lee, Yeoun Joo Lee
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Systematic review with meta‐analysis: Time to diagnosis and the impact of delayed diagnosis on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease
Nishani Jayasooriya, Samantha Baillie, Jonathan Blackwell, Alex Bottle, Irene Petersen, Hanna Creese, Sonia Saxena, Richard C. Pollok
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Kyunghwan Oh, Hee Seung Hong, Nam Seok Ham, Jungbok Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, Suk-Kyun Yang, Hyuk Yoon, You Sun Kim, Chang Hwan Choi, Byong Duk Ye
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Jee Hyun Kim, Chang-Myung Oh, Jun Hwan Yoo
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Bronchoesophageal fistula in a patient with Crohn’s disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy
Kyunghwan Oh, Kee Don Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Tae Sun Shim, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
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Evolving Trends and Burden of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Asia, 1990–2019: A Comprehensive Analysis Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study
Xuejie Chen, Xin Xiang, Weitong Xia, Xindi Li, Sidan Wang, Shuyu Ye, Li Tian, Lian Zhao, Feiyan Ai, Zhaohua Shen, Kai Nie, Minzi Deng, Xiaoyan Wang
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health.2023; 13(4): 725. CrossRef
Combined Endoscopic and Radiologic Healing Is Associated With a Better Prognosis Than Endoscopic Healing Only in Patients With Crohn's Disease Receiving Anti-TNF Therapy
Kyunghwan Oh, Eun Hye Oh, Soo Min Noh, Seong Ho Park, Nayoung Kim, Sung Wook Hwang, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Byong Duk Ye
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Byong Duk Ye, Sung Noh Hong, Seung In Seo, Ye-Jee Kim, Jae Myung Cha, Kyoung Hoon Rhee, Hyuk Yoon, Young-Ho Kim, Kyung Ho Kim, Sun Yong Park, Seung Kyu Jeong, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyunju Park, Joo Sung Kim, Jong Pil Im, Sung Hoon Kim, Jisun Jang, Jeong Hwan Kim,
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Sang Hyoung Park
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Fecal S100A12 is associated with future hospitalization and step-up of medical treatment in patients with Crohn’s disease in clinical remission: a pilot study
Sun-Ho Lee, Sung Wook Hwang, Sang Hyoung Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Byong Duk Ye
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Inflammatory bowel diseases

The prevalence of sarcopenia and its effect on prognosis in patients with Crohn’s disease: Chan Hyung Lee, Hyuk Yoon, Dong Jun Oh, Jae Min Lee, Yoon Jin Choi, Cheol Min Shin, Young Soo Park, Nayoung Kim, Dong Ho Lee, Joo Sung Kim; Intest Res 2020;18(1):79-84. Published online January 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.00107

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Crohn’s disease is associated with altered body composition, such as low muscle mass, which can affect clinical outcomes. However, there are few studies regarding the effect of sarcopenia on prognosis of Crohn’s disease. In this study, we evaluated the body composition at the initial diagnosis of Crohn’s disease and analyzed the clinical meaning of sarcopenia.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective review of medical records of patients who were diagnosed as Crohn’s disease and underwent computed tomography within 3 months after diagnosis. Sarcopenia was defined as an L3 skeletal muscle index (SMI) of < 49 cm²/m² for men and < 31 cm²/m² for women. Outcomes such as need for hospitalization, surgery, use of steroids, immunomodulators and biologics were analyzed.
Results
A total of 79 patients (male, 73.4%; mean age, 29.9 years) were included and 40 patients (51%) were diagnosed as sarcopenia. C-reactive protein (CRP) level was correlated with sarcopenia (P= 0.044). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) showed a tendency to decrease inversely with SMI (r = –0.320, P= 0.008) and hemoglobin and albumin tended to increase in proportion to SMI (hemoglobin: r = 0.271, P= 0.016 and albumin: r = 0.350, P= 0.002). However, there was no statistically significance in time-to-first-event analysis in aspects of sarcopenia.
Conclusions
Approximately 50% of patients with newly diagnosed as Crohn’s disease had sarcopenia. CRP levels were higher in the sarcopenia group and SMI correlated with ESR, hemoglobin, and albumin. However, none of prognostic values were demonstrated.

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Zhihuang Sun, Guangwei Liu, Jiajia Xu, Xianyu Zhang, Huahua Wei, Guobao Wu, Jian Jiang
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Micronutrient Deficiency and Muscular Status in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Joonhee Han, Hyun Joo Song, Min Sook Kang, Hogyung Jun, Heung Up Kim, Ki Soo Kang, Donghyoun Lee
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Impact of Sarcopenia on Clinical Course of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Korea
Kwangwoo Nam, Jae Yong Lee, Yousun Ko, Kyung Won Kim, Ho-Su Lee, Seung Wook Hong, Jin Hwa Park, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byoun, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
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Nutritional Risk and Sarcopenia Features in Patients with Crohn’s Disease: Relation to Body Composition, Physical Performance, Nutritional Questionnaires and Biomarkers
Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Paraskevi Detopoulou, Konstantinos Soufleris, Gavriela Voulgaridou, Despoina Tsoumana, Panagiotis Ntopromireskou, Constantinos Giaginis, Ioanna P. Chatziprodromidou, Maria Spanoudaki, Sousana K. Papadopoulou
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Two-year real-world outcome data from a single tertiary centre shows reduced ustekinumab persistence in a non-bio-naïve Crohn’s disease cohort with penetrating disease, -ostomies and sarcopenia
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IBD

Epidemiological trend in inflammatory bowel disease in Taiwan from 2001 to 2015: a nationwide populationbased study: Hsu-Heng Yen, Meng-Tzu Weng, Chien-Chih Tung, Yu-Ting Wang, Yuan Ting Chang, Chin-Hao Chang, Ming-Jium Shieh, Jau-Min Wong, Shu-Chen Wei; Intest Res 2019;17(1):54-62. Published online November 20, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00096

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Incidences of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD), have been increasing in Asia. In this study, we report the relevant clinical characteristics and determined the epidemiological trend of IBD in Taiwan from 2001 to 2015.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to analyze data recorded from January 2001 through December 2015 in the registered database compiled by the National Health Insurance and provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan.
Results
A total of 3,806 patients with catastrophic IBD illness were registered from 2001 to 2015 in Taiwan (CD, 919; UC, 2,887). The crude incidence of CD increased from 0.17/100,000 in 2001 to 0.47/100,000 in 2015, whereas that of UC increased from 0.54/100,000 in 2001 to 0.95/100,000 in 2015. The prevalence of CD increased from 0.6/100,000 in 2001 to 3.9/100,000 in 2015, whereas that of UC increased from 2.1/100,000 in 2001 to 12.8/100,000 in 2015. The male-to-female ratio in the study sample was 2.19 for CD and 1.62 for UC. The median age of those registered with CD was lower than that of those registered for UC: 38.86 and 44.86 years, respectively. A significantly greater increase in CD incidence rate was identified among 20 to 39-year-old compared with other age groups.
Conclusions
Using Taiwan’s nationwide insurance database, we determined that the number of patients with CD increased more rapidly during the study period than the number of patients with UC, especially among age 20 to 39-year-old, resulting in a decreased UC-to-CD ratio.

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IBD

Is Clostridium difficile infection a real threat in patients with ulcerative colitis? A prospective, multicenter study in Korea: Dae Bum Kim, Kang-Moon Lee, Sang Hyoung Park, You Sun Kim, Eun Soo Kim, Jun Lee, Sung-Ae Jung, Geom Seog Seo, Ji Min Lee; Intest Res 2018;16(2):267-272. Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.2.267

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has been reported to be a cause of flare-ups in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). We evaluated the prevalence and clinical outcomes of CDI in patients with UC hospitalized for flare-ups.

Methods

This was a prospective, multicenter study including 7 academic teaching hospitals in Korea. All consecutive patients with UC admitted for disease flare-up were enrolled. We detected the presence of CDI by using enzyme immunoassay, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for toxin genes, and sigmoidoscopy.

Results

Eighty-one consecutive patients with UC were enrolled from January 2014 to December 2015. Among 81 patients, 8 (9.9%) were diagnosed with CDI. Most of the cases were identified by RT-PCR. Enzyme immunoassay was positive in 3 of 8 patients, and only 1 had typical endoscopic findings of pseudomembranous colitis. There were no differences in demographic data, length of hospital stay, or colectomy rate between patients with and without CDI.

Conclusions

CDI was not a rare cause of flare-up in patients with UC in Korea. However, CDI did not appear to affect the course of UC flare-up in Korean patients. RT-PCR was sensitive in detecting CDI and can be considered a diagnostic tool in patients with UC flare-up.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association of Clostridium difficile infection with clinical outcomes of patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A meta-analysis
Hai-Xin Qi, Qi Wang, Gui-Qun Zhou
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Low prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection in acute severe ulcerative colitis: A retrospective cohort study from northern India
Sandeep Mundhra, David Thomas, Saransh Jain, Pabitra Sahu, Sudheer Vuyyuru, Peeyush Kumar, Bhaskar Kante, Rajesh Panwar, Peush Sahni, Rama Chaudhry, Prasenjit Das, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 42(3): 411. CrossRef
The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Clostridioides difficile Infection in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: 10-Year South Korean Experience Based on the National Database
Eun Mi Song, Arum Choi, Sukil Kim, Sung Hoon Jung
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clostridioides Infection in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Mi Rae Lee, Eun Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 80(2): 66. CrossRef
Clostridium difficile in ulcerative colitis; a retrospective study
O. V. Knyazev, A. V. Kagramanova, M. E. Chernova, I. A. Koroleva, A. I. Parfenov
Almanac of Clinical Medicine.2018; 46(5): 474. CrossRef

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Increased Risk of Asymptomatic Gallstones in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis: Jung Hoon Ha, Young Sook Park, Choon Sik Seon, Byung Kwan Son, Sang Bong Ahn, Young Kwan Jo, Seong Hwan Kim, Yun Ju Jo, Jung Hwan Kim, Jee Hye Han, Yoon Young Jung, Sook Hee Chung; Intest Res 2015;13(2):122-127. Published online April 27, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.2.122

Abstract PDF PubReader

Background/Aims

The relationship between Crohn's disease and gallstones is established. However, the prevalence and risk factors for gallstones in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) are not yet well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of gallstones in patients with UC.

Methods

This study was a retrospective single center study. A total of 87 patients with UC and 261 healthy controls were enrolled. Age, sex, and body mass index were matched. To investigate risk factors, the extent of UC, duration of disease, number of hospital admissions, and number of steroid treatments in patients with UC were evaluated.

Results

The prevalence of gallstones in patients with UC was 13.8%, whereas that in healthy controls was only 3.1% (P<0.001). For patients with UC, patients ≥50 years of age had a 3.6-times higher risk of gallstones compared to that in those <50 years of age, and the difference was statistically significant (odds ratio, 3.60; confidence interval, 1.03-12.61) in univariate analysis. There were no statistically significant disease-related risk factors for gallstones in UC patients.

Conclusions

This is the first study of gallstone prevalence in Korean UC patients. In this study, patients with UC had a higher prevalence of gallstones compared to that in well-matched healthy controls. Age seemed to be a possible risk factor, and more studies are needed. Further prospective, large-scale studies will be required to confirm the risk factors for gallstones in UC patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Prevalence of Gallstones in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mirza M. A Baig, Shayan A Irfan, Anusha Sumbal, Ramish Sumbal, Sanjay Kumar, Junaid Ahmad, Nikhila Gandrakota, Laila Tul Qadar, Maida S Chaudhry, Azka Feroz, Muhammad Sheharyar Warraich
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Comorbidity in children with gallstone disease
S. Yu. Matalaeva, V. A. Shashel
Experimental and Clinical Gastroenterology.2021; 1(1): 89. CrossRef
Gallstone disease in children and comorbiditi
S. Yu. Matalayeva
Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics).2021; 66(3): 34. CrossRef
Association between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Cholelithiasis: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study
Chien-Hua Chen, Cheng-Li Lin, Chia-Hung Kao
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2018; 15(3): 513. CrossRef
Gallstone prevalence and risk factors in patients with ulcerative colitis in Korean population
Yo Han Jeong, Kyeong Ok Kim, Ho Chan Lee, Se Hoon Sohn, Jung Woo Lee, Si Hyung Lee, Byung Ik Jang, Tae Nyeun Kim
Medicine.2017; 96(31): e7653. CrossRef
The Risk of Gallstone Disease Following Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis
Cong Dai, Min Jiang, Ming-Jun Sun
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 112(7): 1165. CrossRef
Risk factors for gallstones and kidney stones in a cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Stefania Fagagnini, Henriette Heinrich, Jean-Benoît Rossel, Luc Biedermann, Pascal Frei, Jonas Zeitz, Marianne Spalinger, Edouard Battegay, Lukas Zimmerli, Stephan R. Vavricka, Gerhard Rogler, Michael Scharl, Benjamin Misselwitz, John Green
PLOS ONE.2017; 12(10): e0185193. CrossRef

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