Intestinal Research

Original Articles

Upadacitinib and upadacitinib-vedolizumab combination therapy for refractory pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease: Hirotaka Shimizu, Ichiro Takeuchi, Hiroshi Oue, Hiroaki To, Atsushi Tanioka, Rina Komorizono, Katsuhiro Arai; Received April 4, 2026 Accepted August 2, 2026 Published online October 6, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2026.00119 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF: Background/Aims
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of upadacitinib in patients with highly refractory pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and to describe the outcomes of upadacitinib-vedolizumab combination therapy (UVCT) in treatment-refractory cases.
Methods
This retrospective, single-center study included 18 patients (7 with ulcerative colitis, 6 with Crohn’s disease, and 5 with very early-onset IBD) who received upadacitinib between November 2022 and November 2025. Five patients underwent UVCT. All patients had previously failed multiple therapies (median, 3 prior advanced therapies). The primary outcome was the upadacitinib continuation rate. The secondary outcomes included corticosteroid- and tacrolimusfree remission rates, safety profiles, and UVCT outcomes.
Results
The median age at upadacitinib initiation was 13.0 years (range, 2.3–21.6 years). The 52-week continuation rate was 55.6%. Among patients who received corticosteroids at baseline, 50% achieved corticosteroid-free status by 6 months; all patients who received tacrolimus at baseline discontinued tacrolimus within 6 months. No serious adverse events attributable to upadacitinib were observed and no cases of herpes zoster reactivation occurred. Five patients with persistent corticosteroid/tacrolimus dependence underwent UVCT, 4 of whom achieved clinical remission with withdrawal of corticosteroids/tacrolimus, with endoscopic improvement confirmed in 3. One patient with very early-onset IBD required colectomy.
Conclusions
Upadacitinib demonstrated acceptable efficacy and safety in patients with highly refractory pediatric-onset IBD. In this small subgroup, UVCT was associated with clinical remission in most patients (4/5), suggesting that it may warrant further investigation as a salvage strategy to avert surgery. Prospective, multicenter studies are needed to define the optimal positioning within pediatric-onset IBD treatment algorithms.

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Safety of Janus kinase inhibitors compared to biologic therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: Gursimran S. Kochhar, Himsikhar Khataniar, Parambir S. Dulai, Aakash Desai; Received September 21, 2025 Accepted January 28, 2026 Published online May 7, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2025.00232 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background/Aims
There is a paucity of data regarding the comparative safety of Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) compared to biologic therapy in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the U.S. Collaborative Network to assess the risk of adverse events in patients with IBD on JAKi compared to biologic therapies (tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, ustekinumab or vedolizumab). Outcomes assessed included infections, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), malignancy, venous thromboembolism (VTE), gastrointestinal perforations and laboratory abnormalities within 2 years. 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM) was performed.
Results
There were 3,186 patients in the JAKi cohort (mean age 44.3 ± 17.1, 46.5% male sex, 85.7% ulcerative colitis, 72% tofacitinib) and 60,462 patients in the biologic cohort. After PSM, there was no difference in the risk of bacterial (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.82–1.43), viral (aOR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.84–1.32), or fungal infections (aOR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.84–1.44), MACE (aOR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47–1.10), malignancy (aOR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.71–1.35), and VTE (aOR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.67–1.34). This was consistent in subgroup analyses based on IBD type, JAKi type and age group. There was a higher risk of low-density lipoprotein ≥ 190 mg/dL (aOR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.03–3.05) and grade 3 or higher lymphopenia (aOR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.60–3.26) in the JAKi cohort. There was no difference in the 4-year risk of MACE or malignancy in the tofacitinib cohort compared with the biologic cohort.
Conclusions
Our real-world study did not show an increased risk of adverse events except severely elevated LDL and lymphopenia in patients on JAKi compared to biologic therapy.

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Impact of filgotinib on health-related quality of life over 3 years in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis: a post hoc analysis of the SELECTION and SELECTION long-term extension trials: Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Stefan Schreiber, Erina Hata, Toshihiko Kaise, Toshifumi Hibi; Received September 9, 2025 Accepted December 7, 2025 Published online March 4, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2025.00219 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub: Background/Aims
This post hoc analysis of the phase 2b/3 SELECTION (NCT02914522) study and its long-term extension (SELECTIONLTE; NCT02914535) evaluated the impact of filgotinib 200 mg (FIL200) on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis over 3 years.
Methods
Patients in SELECTION were randomized to FIL200, filgotinib 100 mg, or placebo (PBO) during the induction phase. Week-10 responders were re-randomized to continue assigned treatment or PBO in the 47-week maintenance phase. Patients who completed the SELECTION induction and maintenance phases (completers) and week-10 non-responders could enter SELECTIONLTE. HRQoL and work productivity were assessed using EQ 5-dimension (EQ-5D), EQ visual analog scale, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaires at week 10 (FIL200 vs. PBO), and at week 10 and years 1–3 (completers and non-responders who received only FIL200 in SELECTION+SELECTIONLTE).
Results
Proportions of patients with minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) at week 10 were higher with FIL200 versus PBO for IBDQ total score (77% vs. 54%), SF-36 mental component summary (58% vs. 21%), and SF-36 physical component summary (54% vs. 36%). All measures (except WPAI absenteeism) showed mean score changes from baseline at week 10 in the direction of improved HRQoL with FIL200 versus PBO. MCID rates were maintained in completers up to 3 years and increased notably in non-responders (except WPAI absenteeism and EQ-5D) from week 10 to years 1–3.
Conclusions
FIL200 treatment was associated with sustained improvements in HRQoL and work productivity over 3 years in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis, consistent with the overall SELECTION and SELECTIONLTE trial populations.

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Reviews

IBD

Optimal use and cycling strategies of Janus kinase inhibitors in ulcerative colitis: current evidence and clinical implications from the KASID Guidelines Task Force Team: Seung Min Hong, Dong Hyun Kim, June Hwa Bae, Seung Yong Shin, Eun Mi Song, Ji Eun Kim, Young Joo Yang, Jiyoung Yoon, Sang-Bum Kang, Eun Soo Kim, Seong-Eun Kim, Seong-Jung Kim, Jun Lee, Soo-Young Na, Soo Jung Park, Sang Hyoung Park, Miyoung Choi, Myung Ha Kim, Won Moon, Sung-Ae Jung, KASID Guidelines Taskforce Team of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID); Intest Res 2026;24(1):27-37. Published online January 28, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2025.00309

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors are an important treatment option for ulcerative colitis, providing rapid onset of action, oral administration, and efficacy even after biologic failure. The 3 approved agents—tofacitinib, filgotinib, and upadacitinib—differ in JAK isoform selectivity, leading to clinically meaningful differences in efficacy and safety. Evidence from network meta-analyses, clinical trials, and real-world studies consistently shows that upadacitinib provides the highest efficacy for induction and maintenance of remission, whereas filgotinib demonstrates the most favorable safety profile. The strong efficacy of upadacitinib and tofacitinib is particularly relevant in patients with severe disease, including acute severe ulcerative colitis, and upadacitinib maintains high efficacy regardless of prior advanced therapy exposure. JAK inhibitors also benefit extraintestinal manifestations. Although risks such as herpes zoster, serious infection, thromboembolism, and major cardiovascular events differ among agents, long-term data suggest generally acceptable safety when used appropriately. Intraclass JAK-to-JAK cycling is feasible, with about half of patients achieving steroid-free clinical remission in retrospective cohorts. Based on mechanistic, clinical, and real-world evidence, filgotinib may be a first-line option for patients with lower disease activity or when safety is a priority, whereas upadacitinib or tofacitinib may be preferred in higher disease activity. Strategically selecting agents may improve durability and outcomes.

Citations

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Treatment persistence after switching between anti-tumor necrosis factor agents and tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis: A nationwide claims-based cohort study in South Korea
Ji Eun Baek, Arum Choi, Han Hee Lee, Bo-In Lee, Kang-Moon Lee
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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IBD

The JAK attack: transforming the management of ulcerative colitis in India: Arshdeep Singh, Arshia Bhardwaj, Vandana Midha, Ajit Sood; Intest Res 2026;24(3):392-403. Published online January 2, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2025.00153

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Inflammatory bowel disease is increasingly recognized as a significant clinical entity in India, reflecting the country’s ongoing epidemiological transition. With a rising incidence and an expanding disease spectrum, the limitations of conventional therapeutic agents, such as corticosteroids and thiopurines, have become increasingly evident. This review examines the transformative role of Janus kinase inhibitors, particularly tofacitinib, in redefining therapeutic goals and bridging the gap between medical innovation and real-world implementation in resource-limited settings. Tofacitinib represents a pivotal advancement in the therapeutic landscape of ulcerative colitis (UC) in India, offering the advantages of oral administration, rapid onset of action, predictable pharmacokinetics, and cost-effective generic formulations–thereby overcoming several longstanding barriers to the adoption of advanced therapies. Accumulating real-world evidence from India supports its clinical utility across various phenotypes of UC, including corticosteroid-dependent or refractory disease, acute severe UC, ulcerative proctitis, elderly-onset UC, and in achieving deeper remission endpoints such as histologic healing. Furthermore, its incorporation into routine clinical practice has contributed to a measurable reduction in corticosteroid reliance, thereby aligning treatment strategies with international standards of care. By combining efficacy, safety, accessibility, and ease of use, tofacitinib has catalyzed a paradigm shift in the management of UC in the Indian context.

Citations

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Exploration of the protective mechanism of peony decoction on DSS-induced NCM460 cell injury based on network pharmacology and in vitro validation
Zhonghua Hong, Ruyun Cai, Jiawei Wang, Hezhai Yin
Letters in Drug Design & Discovery.2026; : 100567. CrossRef

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Efficacy and safety of filgotinib in the treatment of ulcerative colitis with a focus on rapid and sustained efficacy: a narrative review: Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Toshihiko Kaise, Chisa Nagakura, Makoto Kamiya, Shu-Chen Wei; Received July 25, 2025 Accepted September 28, 2025 Published online November 19, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2025.00155 [Epub ahead of print]

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

The rising incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) globally highlights the necessity for treatment strategies that extend beyond symptom control to include inducing and maintaining remission, achieving biochemical and endoscopic remission, and restoring quality of life. Janus kinase inhibitors, such as filgotinib (FIL), show promise in treating UC. This review consolidates evidence on FIL in treating UC from the SELECTION and SELECTIONLTE trials, and real-world studies. Overall, FIL demonstrated rapid symptom relief (e.g., improved rectal bleeding and stool frequency) within 7 days and durable efficacy (e.g., clinical remission, Mayo Clinic Score response) up to 4 years. Improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and reduced corticosteroid dependency were also observed. The 200 mg dose generally elicited greater efficacy responses than the 100 mg dose, and hence may potentially be a more suitable choice for optimizing treatment outcomes. Although FIL may be an effective long-term treatment option regardless of prior biologic experience, biologic-naive patients may experience greater sustained clinical improvements. Safety outcomes indicated that FIL was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals in SELECTION and SELECTIONLTE. These findings support FIL’s potential as a robust therapeutic option for UC, due to its acceptable safety profile and benefits across clinical and HRQoL outcomes.

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Early Symptomatic Improvement Is Informing Long-Term Quality-of-Life Outcomes with Filgotinib Treatment in Ulcerative Colitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of the SELECTION and SELECTIONLTE Trials
Fumihito Hirai, Christine Rudolph, Toshihiko Kaise, Toshifumi Hibi
Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases.2026; 11(1): 270. CrossRef

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IBD

Optimizing Janus kinase inhibitor therapy for ulcerative colitis: a real-world perspective: Shintaro Akiyama; Intest Res 2026;24(2):197-207. Published online November 14, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2025.00096

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

In real-world clinical practice, 3 Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors—tofacitinib, filgotinib, and upadacitinib—are now available for the treatment of ulcerative colitis. Emerging real-world evidence highlights distinct efficacy and safety profiles among these agents, largely attributed to differences in JAK selectivity and dosing strategies. Notably, data are accumulating on differential efficacy, predictors of therapeutic response, and outcomes in patients who switch between JAK inhibitors, contributing to a clearer understanding of the optimal positioning of each agent. Regarding safety, particular attention has been given to risks such as herpes zoster infection and drug-induced acne, underscoring the importance of appropriate patient education and individualized risk assessment. This review summarizes clinical trials and current real-world data on tofacitinib, filgotinib, and upadacitinib in ulcerative colitis, and discusses strategies for optimizing their clinical application.

Citations

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Upadacitinib in Asian inflammatory bowel disease practice: encouraging real-world efficacy
Eun Soo Kim
Intestinal Research.2026; 24(3): 389. CrossRef

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Original Articles

IBD

Ulcerative colitis disease severity affects the speed of symptom relief under filgotinib treatment: a post hoc analysis of the phase 2b/3 SELECTION study: Masayuki Saruta, Silvio Danese, Yoshie Takatori, Toshihiko Kaise, Christine Rudolph, Marc Ferrante, Toshifumi Hibi; Intest Res 2026;24(2):329-340. Published online June 30, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00169

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Filgotinib is an oral, once-daily, Janus kinase 1 preferential inhibitor approved for the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). This study aimed to assess symptomatic response with filgotinib 200 mg (FIL200) according to disease severity using baseline partial Mayo Clinic Score (pMCS).
Methods
In the phase 2b/3 SELECTION study (NCT02914522), adults with moderate-to-severe UC were randomized to receive FIL200, filgotinib 100 mg, or placebo for 11 weeks in induction studies A (biologic-naive) and B (biologic-experienced). In this post hoc analysis, symptomatic remission (Mayo rectal bleeding subscore of 0 and stool frequency subscore ≤ 1) rates were assessed daily from baseline to day 15 and fortnightly from week 2 to week 10 by baseline pMCS (pMCS ≥ 7, pMCS < 7) in patients who received induction FIL200.
Results
Of those who received FIL200 in induction studies A and B, 90 and 148 patients had a pMCS ≥ 7, and 155 and 114 had a pMCS < 7, respectively. Symptomatic remission rates were generally significantly higher in the pMCS < 7 than ≥ 7 group from day 2–15 (day 2: 8.4% vs. 1.1%, P= 0.009 [induction study A]; 8.8% vs. 0.7%, P= 0.004 [induction study B]). However, by week 10, there was no longer a significant difference in the rates between the pMCS ≥ 7 and < 7 groups (43.3% vs. 54.8%, P= 0.124 [induction study A]; 26.4% vs. 39.5%, P= 0.099 [induction study B]).
Conclusions
Symptomatic response to FIL200 occurred more rapidly in the less severe disease groups than in the more severe disease groups; however, regardless of disease severity, both groups benefited from continued FIL200 treatment.

Citations

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Efficacy and safety of ozanimod in Japanese patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis naive to immunomodulators or advanced therapies: post hoc analysis of the phase 2/3 J-True North study
Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Toshimitsu Fujii, Hiroshi Nakase, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Masayuki Saruta, Taku Kobayashi, Seika Inoue, Kazuhiro Toriyama, Dong Wang, Yoko Uchikawa, Go Fujimoto, Toshifumi Hibi
Intestinal Research.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

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IBD

Upadacitinib induction is effective and safe in ulcerative colitis patients including those with prior exposure to tofacitinib: a multicenter real-world cohort study: Robert Gilmore, Richard Fernandes, Imogen Hartley, Arteen Arzivian, Rupert Leong, Bridgette Andrew, Abhinav Vasudevan, Tessa Greeve, Gregory Thomas Moore, Steven Kim, Daniel Lightowler, Abhey Singh, Gillian Mahy, Aditya Mithanthaya, Kannan Venugopaul, Sangwoo Han, Robert Bryant, Jack West, Jonathan Segal, Britt Christensen, Crispin Corte, Nik Ding, Yoon-Kyo An, Jakob Begun; Intest Res 2025;23(3):347-357. Published online December 20, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00127

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
Upadacitinib is a novel selective Janus kinase inhibitor approved for use in ulcerative colitis. Clinical trials had rigorous criteria and excluded many patient subgroups. Given limited real-world effectiveness data, we examined outcomes of patients treated with upadacitinib for ulcerative colitis in a real-world population.
Methods
Patients that commenced upadacitinib for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis from September 2022 until March 2023 were identified at 13 inflammatory bowel disease centers across Australia. Clinical, biochemical, endoscopic, and intestinal ultrasound outcomes were recorded retrospectively at baseline, week 8, and week 16.
Results
One hundred and fifty-two patients (61 female [40%], median age 38 years [interquartile range, 28–50]) were included. The primary endpoint of clinical remission was met in 79% at week 8, and 84% at week 16. A total of 42 patients (28%) with prior tofacitinib exposure were included. No significant difference in clinical remission was observed by week 16 between tofacitinib experienced compared to tofacitinib naïve patients (86% vs. 84%, P= 0.67). Complete intestinal ultrasound data was available for 36 patients, showing transmural remission in 64% at week 8 and 81% at week 16, with a decrease in median bowel wall thickness of 2.3 mm and 2.4 mm, respectively.
Conclusions
Upadacitinib resulted in high rates of clinical remission at 8 and 16 weeks in this large real-world cohort of ulcerative colitis patients. Upadacitinib is effective in patients with prior tofacitinib exposure. Intestinal ultrasound shows significant rates of transmural remission at week 8, sustained through week 16.

Citations

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Optimizing Janus kinase inhibitor therapy for ulcerative colitis: a real-world perspective
Shintaro Akiyama
Intestinal Research.2026; 24(2): 197. CrossRef
Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Concise Questions and Answers on Their Use in Clinical Practice
Javier P Gisbert, María Chaparro
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2026; 32(4): 775. CrossRef
Incidence of acne in patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with Janus kinase inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mohammed Nabil Quraishi, Maryam A Alahmad, Thaer Khaleel Swaid, Antonio Facciorusso, Alyssa A Grimshaw, Badr Al-Bawardy
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2026; 32(9): 1800. CrossRef
Oral Colon-Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Enhance Upadacitinib Delivery and Efficacy in a Murine Model of Ulcerative Colitis
Rabeya Jafrin Mow, Xiaodi Shi, Wen Lu, Siming Wang, Didier Merlin, Chunhua Yang
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(9): 3758. CrossRef
Asian Pacific Association of Gastroenterology (APAGE) Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Use of Small Molecules and IL‐23 p19 Inhibitors in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease
Choon Jin Ooi, Khoon Lin Ling, Julajak Limsrivilai, Shu‐Chen Wei, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Taku Kobayashi, Luan Minh Dang, Rupert W. Leong, Huiyu Lin, Meng‐Tzu Weng, Wan Chee Ong, Vineet Ahuja, Satimai Aniwan, Ryota Hokari, Wei Jie Jonathan Lee, Alex Hwong‐Rue
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Jeong Hwa Lee, Hae Chang Cho, Jae Myung Cha, Byong Duk Ye, Sung Wook Hwang, Eun Soo Kim
Gut and Liver.2026; 20(4): 704. CrossRef
Treatment persistence after switching between anti-tumor necrosis factor agents and tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis: A nationwide claims-based cohort study in South Korea
Ji Eun Baek, Arum Choi, Han Hee Lee, Bo-In Lee, Kang-Moon Lee
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluating sonographic response and remission in inflammatory bowel disease: aligning intestinal ultrasound assessment with STRIDE-II timelines
Ashish R Srinivasan, Shintaro Sagami, Andrew Nguyen, Rebecca L Smith, Abhinav Vasudevan, Stuart A Taylor
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib versus vedolizumab in anti-TNF-exposed patients with ulcerative colitis
Jian Wan, Hao Zhang, Xiaojie Yuan, Zhengyu Ren, Sumei Sha, Changyue Wu, Yingchao Li, Xin Liu, Xin Wang, Jiaming Zhou, Chuhan Hu, Fei Chen, Min Chen, Jie Liang, Kaichun Wu
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Letter: Toward Intra‐Class Switching With JAK Inhibitors?
Mathieu Uzzan, David Laharie
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 61(5): 919. CrossRef
Effectiveness and Safety of a Second JAK Inhibitor in Ulcerative Colitis: The J2J Multicentre Study
Mathilde Osty, Romain Altwegg, Mélanie Serrero, Alban Benezech, Albane Lecomte, Guillaume Cadiot, Lucine Vuitton, Anne Wampach, Stéphane Nancey, Anthony Buisson, Catherine le Berre, Clea Rouillon, Cyrielle Gilletta, Felix Goutorbe, Mathurin Fumery, Nassim
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Upadacitinib and vedolizumab combination therapy for the management of refractory ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease
Robert Gilmore, Amrutha Murali, Amirah Etchegaray, Ei Swe, Yoon-Kyo An, Jakob Begun
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Upadacitinib after tofacitinib in ulcerative colitis
Hyeon Jin Cho, Eun Soo Kim
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Osman Özdoğan, Serkan Yaraş, Mehmet Kasım Aydın, Fehmi Ateş, Engin Altıntaş, Orhan Sezgin
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Yoon Suk Jung
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Giammarco Mocci, Antonio Tursi, Franco Scaldaferri, Daniele Napolitano, Daniela Pugliese, Giovanni Maconi, Giovanni Cataletti, Roberta Pica, Claudio Cassieri, Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino, Caterina De Barba, Francesco Costa, Linda Ceccarelli, Manuela Marzo,
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Review

IBD

What to do when traditional rescue therapies fail in acute severe ulcerative colitis: Christopher F. D. Li Wai Suen, Matthew C. Choy, Peter De Cruz; Intest Res 2024;22(4):397-413. Published online May 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00003

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC) is a medical emergency that affects approximately 25% of patients with ulcerative colitis at some point in time in their lives. Outcomes of ASUC are highly variable. Approximately 30% of patients do not respond to corticosteroids and up to 50% of patients do not respond to rescue therapy (infliximab or cyclosporin) and require emergency colectomy. Data are emerging on infliximab dosing strategies, use of cyclosporin as a bridge to slower acting biologic agents and Janus kinase inhibition as primary and sequential therapy. In this review, we outline contemporary approaches to clinical management of ASUC in the setting of failure to respond to traditional rescue therapies.

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Early Infliximab Levels and Clearance Predict Outcomes After Infliximab Rescue in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis: Results From PREDICT-UC
Christopher F.D. Li Wai Suen, Matthew C. Choy, Danny Con, Kaylene Cheng, Julie Nigro, Kerry Breheney, Kristy Boyd, Raquel Pena, Kathryn Burrell, Ourania Rosella, David Proud, Richard Brouwer, Alexandra Gorelik, Danny Liew, William R. Connell, Emily K. Wri
Gastroenterology.2026; 170(1): 118. CrossRef
Janus Kinase Inhibitors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Concise Questions and Answers on Their Use in Clinical Practice
Javier P Gisbert, María Chaparro
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.2026; 32(4): 775. CrossRef
Optimal use and cycling strategies of Janus kinase inhibitors in ulcerative colitis: current evidence and clinical implications from the KASID Guidelines Task Force Team
Seung Min Hong, Dong Hyun Kim, June Hwa Bae, Seung Yong Shin, Eun Mi Song, Ji Eun Kim, Young Joo Yang, Jiyoung Yoon, Sang-Bum Kang, Eun Soo Kim, Seong-Eun Kim, Seong-Jung Kim, Jun Lee, Soo-Young Na, Soo Jung Park, Sang Hyoung Park, Miyoung Choi, Myung Ha
Intestinal Research.2026; 24(1): 27. CrossRef
Monocyte Distribution Width Differentiates Bacterial Enterocolitis from Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis in the Emergency Department
Christopher F. D. Li Wai Suen, Shipraa Kaul, Ethan X. Z. Tan, Danny Con, Michelle Taylor, Joanne Wiid, Chris Hogan, Matthew C. Choy, Kumar Visvanathan, Peter De Cruz
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Original Article

IBD

Efficacy and safety of filgotinib as induction and maintenance therapy for Japanese patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis: a post-hoc analysis of the phase 2b/3 SELECTION trial: Toshifumi Hibi, Satoshi Motoya, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Fumihito Hirai, Kenji Watanabe, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Masayuki Saruta, Taku Kobayashi, Brian G Feagan, Chantal Tasset, Robin Besuyen, Chohee Yun, Gerald Crans, Jie Zhang, Akira Kondo, Mamoru Watanabe; Intest Res 2023;21(1):110-125. Published online March 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00143

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
The safety and efficacy of filgotinib, a once-daily oral Janus kinase 1 preferential inhibitor, were evaluated in Japanese patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in the phase 2b/3 SELECTION trial.
Methods
SELECTION (NCT02914522) was a randomized, placebo-controlled trial comprising 2 induction studies and a maintenance study. Adults with moderately to severely active UC were randomized in induction study A (biologic-naïve) or B (biologic-experienced) to receive filgotinib 200 mg, 100 mg, or placebo once daily for 11 weeks. Patients in clinical remission or Mayo Clinic score response at week 10 entered the 47-week maintenance study. Efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed in Japanese patients enrolled in Japan.
Results
Overall, 37 and 72 Japanese patients were enrolled in Japan in induction studies A and B, respectively, and 54 entered the maintenance study. Numerically higher proportions of filgotinib 200 mg-treated than placebo-treated patients achieved clinical remission in induction study A (4/15 [26.7%] vs. 0/6 [0%]) and the maintenance study (5/20 [25.0%] vs. 0/9 [0%]), but not induction study B (1/29 [3.4%] vs. 1/14 [7.1%]). Both doses were well tolerated, and no new safety signals were noted. Herpes zoster was reported in 1 filgotinib 200 mg-treated patient in each of induction study A (2.3%, 1/44) and the maintenance study (5.0%, 1/20).
Conclusions
These data, alongside those of the overall SELECTION population, suggest the potential of filgotinib 200 mg as a viable treatment option for Japanese patients with UC. Owing to small patient numbers, data should be interpreted cautiously.

Citations

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