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Original Articles
- IBD
- Latent tuberculosis infection screening in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in South Korea comparing IGRA alone versus a combination of TST and IGRA
- Ye-Jee Kim, Jiyeon Kim, Jiwon Lee, Tae Sun Shim, Sang Hyoung Park, Kyung-Wook Jo
- Intest Res 2025;23(4):541-550. Published online October 14, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2025.00136
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material
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ePub - Background/Aims
We aimed to evaluate if using the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) alone is effective for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) screening in preventing active tuberculosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) before initiating anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) therapy, compared to using both the tuberculin skin test and IGRA.
Methods
Using South Korea’s Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service, we selected IBD patients treated with anti-TNF-α agents for ≥ 1 year who underwent LTBI screening between 2018 and 2021. We compared the 1-year incidence rate and standardized incidence ratio of active tuberculosis incidence after starting anti-TNF-α treatment to the general population based on the LTBI screening strategy.
Results
Of the 4,215 enrolled patients, 3,505 underwent IGRA alone for LTBI screening, while 710 received both tuberculin skin test and IGRA. Within 1 year of starting anti-TNF-α treatment, 15 patients (0.36%) developed active tuberculosis, with a mean follow-up period of 4,200.6 person-years. The 1-year tuberculosis incidence rates were 372.3 (95% confidence interval [CI], 198.2–636.6) per 100,000 person-years for the IGRA alone group and 282.3 (95% CI, 34.2–1,019.9) per 100,000 person-years for the combination group. The standardized incidence ratios were similar: 14.34 (95% CI, 7.63–24.52) for the IGRA alone group and 11.25 (95% CI, 1.26–40.61) for the combination group.
Conclusions
Using IGRA alone may be an effective strategy for LTBI screening in IBD patients before starting anti-TNF-α therapy. (Intest Res, Published online)
- 1,638 View
- 53 Download
- Infection
- Interferon-gamma release assay has poor diagnostic accuracy in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease in tuberculosis endemic areas
- Karan Sachdeva, Peeyush Kumar, Bhaskar Kante, Sudheer K. Vuyyuru, Srikant Mohta, Mukesh K. Ranjan, Mukesh K. Singh, Mahak Verma, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
- Intest Res 2023;21(2):226-234. Published online June 13, 2022
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2022.00010
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background/Aims
Intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) frequently present with a diagnostic dilemma because of similar presentation. Interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) has been used in differentiating ITB from CD, but with sparse reports on its diagnostic accuracy in tuberculosis endemic regions and this study evaluated the same.
Methods
Patients with definitive diagnosis of ITB (n=59) or CD (n=49) who underwent IGRA testing (n=307) were retrospectively included at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (July 2014 to September 2021). CD or ITB was diagnosed as per standard criteria. IGRA was considered positive at >0.35 IU/mL. Relevant data was collected and IGRA results were compared between ITB and CD to determine its accuracy.
Results
Among 59 ITB patients (mean age, 32.6±13.1 years; median disease duration, 1 year; male, 59.3%), 24 were positive and 35 tested negative for IGRA. Among 49 CD patients (mean age, 37.8±14.0; median disease duration, 4 years; male, 61.2%), 12 were positive and 37 tested negative for IGRA. Hence, for diagnosing ITB, IGRA showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 40.68%, 75.51%, 66.67%, and 51.39%, respectively. The area under the curve of IGRA for ITB diagnosis was 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.55–0.75). In a subset (n=64), tuberculin skin test (TST) showed sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of 64.7%, 73.3%, 73.3%, and 64.71%, respectively. IGRA and TST were concordant in 38 (59.4%) patients with κ=0.17.
Conclusions
In a tuberculosis endemic region, IGRA had poor diagnostic accuracy for differentiating ITB from CD, suggesting a limited value of IGRA in this setting. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
- ECCO consensus on management of inflammatory bowel disease in low- and middle-income countries
Alaa El-Hussuna, Almuthe Christina Hauer, Tarkan Karakan, Valerie Pittet, Henit Yanai, Jalpa Devi, Jesus K Yamamoto-Furusho, Ali Reza Sima, Hailemichael Desalegn, Mutaz Idrees Sultan, Vishal Sharma, Hany Shehab, Lamya Mrabti, Natalia Queiroz, Anuraag Jena
Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Mistakes to avoid in the management of abdominal tuberculosis
Abhirup Chatterjee, Daya Krishna Jha, Aravind Sekar, Vishal Sharma
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy.2025; 23(2-4): 197. CrossRef - Interferon-Gamma Release Assays Versus Tuberculin Skin Test for Active Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-Analysis
Muhammad Abubaker Tobaiqi, Musleh Naser Alshamrani, Shyamkumar Sriram, Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud, Hammad Ali Fadlalmola, Muayad Albadrani
Diagnostics.2025; 15(18): 2343. CrossRef - An Updated Review on Differential Diagnosis of Crohn's Disease and Intestinal Tuberculosis
Ravi K Sharma, Alpa Singh, Saurabh Dawra
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine, Education and Research.2025; 60(1): 18. CrossRef - New diagnostic strategies to distinguish Crohn's disease and gastrointestinal tuberculosis
Himanshu Narang, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases.2024; 37(5): 392. CrossRef - Interferon-gamma release assays as a tool for differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal tuberculosis
Tsvetelina Velikova, Anita Aleksandrova
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2024; 12(27): 6015. CrossRef - Diagnostic yield and technical performance of the novel motorized spiral enteroscopy compared with single-balloon enteroscopy in suspected Crohn's disease: a prospective study (with video)
Partha Pal, Piyush Vishwakarma, Aniruddha Pratap Singh, Palle Manohar Reddy, Mohan Ramchandani, Rupa Banerjee, Anuradha Sekaran, Polina Vijayalaxmi, Hardik Rughwani, Pradev Inavolu, Santosh Darishetty, Pradeep Rebala, Guduru Venkat Rao, Manu Tandan, D. Na
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.2023; 97(3): 493. CrossRef - Evidence-based approach to diagnosis and management of abdominal tuberculosis
Daya Krishna Jha, Mythili Menon Pathiyil, Vishal Sharma
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 42(1): 17. CrossRef - Technical performance and diagnostic yield of motorised spiral enteroscopy compared with single-balloon enteroscopy in suspected Crohn’s disease: a randomised controlled, open-label study (the MOTOR-CD trial)
Partha Pal, Mohan Ramchandani, Rupa Banerjee, Piyush Viswakarma, Aniruddha Pratap Singh, Manohar Reddy, Hardik Rughwani, Rajendra Patel, Anuradha Sekaran, Swathi Kanaganti, Santosh Darisetty, Zaheer Nabi, Jagadish Singh, Rajesh Gupta, Sundeep Lakhtakia, R
Gut.2023; 72(10): 1866. CrossRef
- ECCO consensus on management of inflammatory bowel disease in low- and middle-income countries
- 8,092 View
- 578 Download
- 7 Web of Science
- 9 Crossref
- IBD
- High risk of tuberculosis during infliximab therapy despite tuberculosis screening in inflammatory bowel disease patients in India
- Ashish Agarwal, Saurabh Kedia, Saransh Jain, Vipin Gupta, Sawan Bopanna, Dawesh P Yadav, Sandeep Goyal, Venigalla Pratap Mouli, Rajan Dhingra, Govind Makharia, Vineet Ahuja
- Intest Res 2018;16(4):588-598. Published online October 10, 2018
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00023
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Abstract
PDFPubReaderePub
- Background/Aims
The data on the risk of tuberculosis (TB) reactivation with infliximab (IFX) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from TB endemic countries, like India, is limited. The risk of TB reactivation on IFX and its predictors in patients with IBD was assessed.
Methods
This retrospective review included consecutive patients with IBD who received IFX, and were on follow-up from January 2005 to November 2017. The data was recorded on age/disease duration, indications for IFX, screening for latent tuberculosis (LTB) before IFX, response to IFX, incidence and duration when TB developed after IFX, and type of TB (pulmonary [PTB]/extra-pulmonary [EPTB]/disseminated).
Results
Of 69 patients (22 ulcerative colitis/47 Crohn’s disease; mean age, 35.6±14.5 years; 50.7% males; median follow-up duration after IFX, 19 months [interquartile range, 5.5–48.7 months]), primary non-response at 8 weeks and secondary loss of response at 26 and 52 weeks were seen in 14.5%, 6% and 15% patients respectively. Prior to IFX, all patients were screened for LTB, 8 (11.6%) developed active TB (disseminated, 62.5%; EPTB, 25%; PTB, 12.5%) after a median of 19 weeks (interquartile range, 14.0–84.5 weeks) of IFX. Of these 8 patients’ none had LTB, even when 7 of 8 were additionally screened with contrast-enhanced chest tomography. Though not statistically significant, more patients with Crohn’s disease than ulcerative colitis (14.9% vs. 4.5%, P=0.21), and those with past history of TB (25% vs. 9.8%, P=0.21), developed TB. Age, gender, disease duration, or extraintestinal manifestations could not predict TB reactivation.
Conclusions
There is an extremely high rate of TB with IFX in Indian patients with IBD. Current screening techniques are ineffective and it is difficult to predict TB after IFX. -
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by- ECCO consensus on management of inflammatory bowel disease in low- and middle-income countries
Alaa El-Hussuna, Almuthe Christina Hauer, Tarkan Karakan, Valerie Pittet, Henit Yanai, Jalpa Devi, Jesus K Yamamoto-Furusho, Ali Reza Sima, Hailemichael Desalegn, Mutaz Idrees Sultan, Vishal Sharma, Hany Shehab, Lamya Mrabti, Natalia Queiroz, Anuraag Jena
Journal of Crohn’s and Colitis.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Latent tuberculosis screening for inflammatory bowel disease in tuberculosis endemic region remains porous and suboptimal: A multicentre study
Daya Krishna Jha, Shilpa Prasad, Arun Valsan, Shubhra Mishra, Priya Nair, Anoop K Koshy, Sonal Singh, Ajay Shankar Prasad, Rajat Shukla, Rizwan Ahamed, Philip Augustine, Kartik Natarajan, Kiran Peddi, Akshay Kulkarni, Sumit Bhatia, Aditya V Pachisia, Prad
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef - Risk of tuberculosis with anti-TNF therapy in Indian patients with inflammatory bowel disease despite negative screening
Suprabhat Giri, Sukanya Bhrugumalla, Akash Shukla, Sagar Gangadhar, Srujan Reddy, Sumaswi Angadi, Leela Shinde, Aditya Kale
Arab Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; 26(1): 33. CrossRef - Assessment and management for latent tuberculosis before advanced therapies for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A comprehensive review
Daya Krishna Jha, Rinkalben Kakadiya, Ananya Sharma, Shankar Naidu, Dipankar De, Vishal Sharma
Autoimmunity Reviews.2025; 24(3): 103758. CrossRef - Abdominal tuberculosis in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis and infliximab: is the risk still too great? A case report
Miguel Ángel Moyón, Johan Stephany Añazco, Alex Enrique Vásconez, David Larreategui, María Belén Torres, Natali Moyón, Tatiana Borja, Gabriel Alejandro Molina
Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Tofacitinib in acute severe ulcerative colitis: review addressing seven key unmet needs
Chuong Dinh Nguyen, Luan Minh Dang, Thong Duy Vo, Hoang Huu Bui, Eun Soo Kim, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Choon Jin Ooi
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef - Biologics, Small Molecules and More in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The Present and the Future
Manish Manrai, Atul Abhishek Jha, Saurabh Dawra, Aditya Vikram Pachisia
Future Pharmacology.2024; 4(1): 279. CrossRef - RATE OF INFECTION (TUBERCULOSIS) IN BRAZILIANS IBD PRIVATE PATIENTS: FOLLOW-UP 15 YEARS
Didia B CURY, Liana C B CURY, Ana C MICHELETTI, Rogério A OLIVEIRA, José J S GONÇALVES
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia.2024;[Epub] CrossRef - (Re-)introduction of TNF antagonists and JAK inhibitors in patients with previous tuberculosis: a systematic review
Thomas Theo Brehm, Maja Reimann, Niklas Köhler, Christoph Lange
Clinical Microbiology and Infection.2024; 30(8): 989. CrossRef - “Mitigating tuberculosis reactivation risk in IBD patients on anti-TNF therapy”
Peeyush Kumar, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Arab Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 25(4): 455. CrossRef - Regional risk of tuberculosis and viral hepatitis with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor treatment: A systematic review
Nina Jahnich, Peter D. Arkwright
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef - Bronchoesophageal fistula in a patient with Crohn’s disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy
Kyunghwan Oh, Kee Don Choi, Hyeong Ryul Kim, Tae Sun Shim, Byong Duk Ye, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
Clinical Endoscopy.2023; 56(2): 239. CrossRef - CT in the detection of latent tuberculosis: a systematic review
N. Moore, M. Maher, G. Murphy, M. O'Callaghan Maher, O.J. O'Connor, M.F. McEntee
Clinical Radiology.2023; 78(8): 568. CrossRef - Miliary Tuberculosis in a Patient With Ulcerative Colitis Treated With Tofacitinib
Shruti Verma, Arshdeep Singh, Chandan Kakkar, Ashish Tripathi, Vandana Midha, Ajit Sood
ACG Case Reports Journal.2023; 10(6): e01066. CrossRef - The Risk of Opportunistic Infections in Patients with Inflammatory
Bowel Disease
Maede Ghanaeipour, Nima Behnaminia, Erfan Khadem, Amirhossein Nafari
The International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor α Inhibitor Use with Diagnostic Features and Mortality of Tuberculosis in the United States, 2010–2017
Shereen S Katrak, Rongxia Li, Sue Reynolds, Suzanne M Marks, Jessica R Probst, Terence Chorba, Kevin Winthrop, Kenneth G Castro, Neela D Goswami
Open Forum Infectious Diseases.2022;[Epub] CrossRef - Stringent screening strategy significantly reduces reactivation rates of tuberculosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on anti‐TNF therapy in tuberculosis endemic region
Peeyush Kumar, Sudheer K. Vuyyuru, Bhaskar Kante, Pabitra Sahu, Sandeep Goyal, Deepak Madhu, Saransh Jain, Mukesh Kumar Ranjan, Sandeep Mundhra, Rithvik Golla, Mukesh Singh, Shubi Virmani, Anvita Gupta, Nidhi Yadav, Mani Kalaivani, Raju Sharma, Prasenjit
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2022; 55(11): 1431. CrossRef - Increased Risk of Infection With High Infliximab Trough Level
Suprabhat Giri, Harish Darak
Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.2022; 56(4): 374. CrossRef - Editorial: choosing the optimal screening method for latent TB in patients with IBD commencing anti‐TNF‐therapy—authors' reply
Peeyush Kumar, Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2022; 55(10): 1348. CrossRef - Positioning of tofacitinib in treatment of ulcerative colitis: a global perspective
Shubhra Mishra, Anuraag Jena, Rinkalben Kakadiya, Vishal Sharma, Vineet Ahuja
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2022; 16(8): 737. CrossRef - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody labeled-polyethylene glycol-coated nanoparticles: A mesenchymal stem cells-based drug delivery system in the rat model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity
Faten A. M. Abo-Aziza, Saleh M. Albarrak, Abdel-Kader A. Zaki, Shaymaa E. El-Shafey
Veterinary World.2022; : 2475. CrossRef - Efficacy and safety of biosimilar versus originator infliximab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A real-world cohort analysis
Peeyush Kumar, Sudheer K. Vuyyuru, Bhaskar Kante, Saurabh Kedia, Pabitra Sahu, Mukesh Kumar Ranjan, Sandeep Mundhra, Rithvik Golla, Mukesh Kumar, Shubi Virmani, Anvita Gupta, Nidhi Yadav, Govind Makharia, Vineet Ahuja
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 41(5): 446. CrossRef - Epidemiology, burden of disease, and unmet needs in the treatment of ulcerative colitis in Asia
Shu-Chen Wei, Jose Sollano, Yee Tak Hui, Wei Yu, Paul V. Santos Estrella, Lyndon John Q. Llamado, Nana Koram
Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2021; 15(3): 275. CrossRef - Various Forms of Tuberculosis in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Treated with Biological Agents
Adam Krusiński, Anna Grzywa-Celińska, Katarzyna Szewczyk, Luiza Grzycka-Kowalczyk, Justyna Emeryk-Maksymiuk, Janusz Milanowski, Andrew S. Day
International Journal of Inflammation.2021; 2021: 1. CrossRef - Long‐term outcomes of anti‐tumor necrosis factor therapy and surgery in nonperianal fistulizing Crohn's disease
Sudheer K Vuyyuru, Devendra Desai, Saurabh Kedia, Pavan Dhoble, Pabitra Sahu, Bhaskar Kante, Samagra Agarwal, Sawan Bopanna, Rajan Dhingra, Pratap Mouli Venigalla, Raju Sharma, Siddhartha Datta Gupta, Govind Makharia, Peush Sahni, Vineet Ahuja
JGH Open.2021; 5(4): 420. CrossRef - Efficacy and tolerability of exclusive enteral nutrition in adult patients with complicated Crohn’s disease
Sanchit Sharma, Arti Gupta, Saurabh Kedia, Samagra Agarwal, Namrata Singh, Sandeep Goyal, Saransh Jain, Vipin Gupta, Pabitra Sahu, Sudheer Kumar Vuyyuru, Bhaskar Kante, Raju Sharma, Rajesh Panwar, Peush Sahni, Govind Makharia, Vineet Ahuja
Intestinal Research.2021; 19(3): 291. CrossRef - Monitoring frequency of interferon gamma release assay for tuberculosis surveillance following infliximab therapy in patients with Crohn's disease
Qin Yu Yang, Yi Juan Liu, Ye Xu, Lin Zhang, Cheng Dang Wang
Journal of Digestive Diseases.2021; 22(8): 473. CrossRef - COVID-19-associated opportunistic infections: a snapshot on the current reports
Amir Abdoli, Shahab Falahi, Azra Kenarkoohi
Clinical and Experimental Medicine.2021; 22(3): 327. CrossRef - Efficacy and Safety of Fecal Transplantation Versus Targeted Therapies in Ulcerative Colitis: Network Meta-Analysis
Sudheer K Vuyyuru, Saurabh Kedia, Mani Kalaivani, Pabitra Sahu, Bhaskar Kante, Peeyush Kumar, Mukesh K Ranjan, Govind Makharia, Ashwin Ananthakrishnan, Vineet Ahuja
Future Microbiology.2021; 16(15): 1215. CrossRef - A case report of probable ocular tuberculosis following biologics
Sudha K. Ganesh, Divya Thatikonda
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology - Case Reports.2021; 1(4): 683. CrossRef - Risk and characteristics of tuberculosis after anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: a hospital-based cohort study from Korea
Jae Yong Lee, Kyunghwan Oh, Hee Seung Hong, Kyuwon Kim, Seung Wook Hong, Jin Hwa Park, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Ho-Su Lee, Kyung-Wook Jo, Sang Hyoung Park
BMC Gastroenterology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef - Tacrolimus as rescue therapy for steroid-dependent/steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis: Experience from tertiary referral center in India
Sukrit Sud, Sanjeev Sachdeva, Amarender Singh Puri
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 40(6): 598. CrossRef - Vedolizumab in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: West versus East
Prasanta Debnath, Pravin M. Rathi
Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases.2021; 6(1): 1. CrossRef - Antitubercular Therapy Given to Differentiate Crohn’s Disease From Intestinal Tuberculosis Predisposes to Stricture Formation
Akshita Gupta, Venigalla Pratap Mouli, Srikant Mohta, Bhaskar Kante, Mani Kalaivani, Deepak Madhu, Pabitra Sahu, Sudheer Kumar, Raju Sharma, Peush Sahni, Prasenjit Das, Siddharth Datta Gupta, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Journal of Crohn's and Colitis.2020; 14(11): 1611. CrossRef - Relapse rate following withdrawal of anti-TNF therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A real-life cohort from northern India
Pabitra Sahu, Sudheer K. Vuyyuru, Bhaskar Kante, Ashish Agarwal, Raju Sharma, Prasenjit Das, Rajesh Panwar, Saransh Jain, Sawan Bopanna, Govind Makharia, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 39(4): 388. CrossRef - Nanocomposites-based targeted oral drug delivery systems with infliximab in a murine colitis model
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Journal of Nanobiotechnology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef - Long-term outcomes in perianal fistulizing Crohn’s disease in a resource-limited setting: A cohort analysis
Sudheer K. Vuyyuru, Pabitra Sahu, Saurabh Kedia, Bhaskar Kante, Peeyush Kumar, Mukesh Kumar Ranjan, Raju Sharma, Govind Makharia, S. D. Gupta, Peush Sahni, Vineet Ahuja
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 39(5): 435. CrossRef - Higher risk of tuberculosis in combination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease
Seong Ji Choi, Min Sun Kim, Eun Sun Kim, Juneyoung Lee, Jae Min Lee, Hyuk Soon Choi, Bora Keum, Yoon Tae Jeen, Hong Sik Lee, Hoon Jai Chun, Chang Duck Kim
Medicine.2020; 99(44): e22897. CrossRef - Challenges in the diagnosis and management of inflammatory bowel disease in resource-limited settings in Asia
Rupa Banerjee, Partha Pal, Joyce Wing Yan Mak, Siew C Ng
The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2020; 5(12): 1076. CrossRef - Effectiveness and safety of adalimumab biosimilar in inflammatory bowel disease: A multicenter study
Nagesh Kamat, Saurabh Kedia, Uday C. Ghoshal, Abhimanyu Nehra, Govind Makharia, Ajit Sood, Vandana Midha, Varun Gupta, Gourdas Choudhuri, Vineet Ahuja
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2019; 38(1): 44. CrossRef - Multidrug-resistant Disseminated Tuberculosis Related to Infliximab in a Patient with Ulcerative Colitis and Negative Evaluation for Latent Tuberculosis
Yu Kyung Jun, Jaeyoung Chun, Eun Ae Kang, Hyun Jung Lee, Jong Pil Im, Joo Sung Kim
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2019; 74(3): 168. CrossRef
- ECCO consensus on management of inflammatory bowel disease in low- and middle-income countries
- 11,358 View
- 218 Download
- 38 Web of Science
- 41 Crossref
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