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Burden of inflammatory bowel disease in India: analysis of the Global Burden of Disease study from 1990 to 2019
Suprabhat Giri, Anuraag Jena, Praveen Kumar-M, Jaikumar Rajavoor Muniswamy, Preetam Nath, Vishal Sharma
Received August 26, 2024  Accepted December 4, 2024  Published online February 6, 2025  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00134    [Epub ahead of print]
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing across the globe, more so in populous countries like India. We aimed to study the disease burden and epidemiological trends of IBD in India and look closer into the disease pattern across the country from 1990 to 2019.
Methods
The burden of IBD was estimated in India using the data from the Global Burden of Disease estimate for 2019, which is a comprehensive worldwide project. The analysis included various parameters like incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years, years lived with disability, and years of life lost as age-adjusted rates (per 100,000 population). Using modeling, the prediction was also made for 2050 in India.
Results
The age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability rates of IBD in India for 2019 were 2.34, 20.34, 0.40, and 13.04, respectively. These are lower than the global incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability rates of 4.97, 59.25, 0.54, and 20.15, respectively. The annual rates of change in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability rates in India from 1990 to 2019 were 0.05, –0.02, –0.36, and –0.35, respectively. The annual rates of change in incidence and prevalence are higher than the global rate of –0.18 and –0.19, while the annual rates of change in mortality and disability are lower than the global rate of –0.19 and –0.26.
Conclusions
The incidence and prevalence of IBD in India are lower compared to the global population but are increasing at a faster rate than the global population.
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IBD
Epidemiological trend in inflammatory bowel disease in Taiwan from 2001 to 2015: a nationwide populationbased study
Hsu-Heng Yen, Meng-Tzu Weng, Chien-Chih Tung, Yu-Ting Wang, Yuan Ting Chang, Chin-Hao Chang, Ming-Jium Shieh, Jau-Min Wong, Shu-Chen Wei
Intest Res 2019;17(1):54-62.   Published online November 20, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00096
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Incidences of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), ulcerative colitis (UC), and Crohn’s disease (CD), have been increasing in Asia. In this study, we report the relevant clinical characteristics and determined the epidemiological trend of IBD in Taiwan from 2001 to 2015.
Methods
A retrospective study was conducted to analyze data recorded from January 2001 through December 2015 in the registered database compiled by the National Health Insurance and provided by the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taiwan.
Results
A total of 3,806 patients with catastrophic IBD illness were registered from 2001 to 2015 in Taiwan (CD, 919; UC, 2,887). The crude incidence of CD increased from 0.17/100,000 in 2001 to 0.47/100,000 in 2015, whereas that of UC increased from 0.54/100,000 in 2001 to 0.95/100,000 in 2015. The prevalence of CD increased from 0.6/100,000 in 2001 to 3.9/100,000 in 2015, whereas that of UC increased from 2.1/100,000 in 2001 to 12.8/100,000 in 2015. The male-to-female ratio in the study sample was 2.19 for CD and 1.62 for UC. The median age of those registered with CD was lower than that of those registered for UC: 38.86 and 44.86 years, respectively. A significantly greater increase in CD incidence rate was identified among 20 to 39-year-old compared with other age groups.
Conclusions
Using Taiwan’s nationwide insurance database, we determined that the number of patients with CD increased more rapidly during the study period than the number of patients with UC, especially among age 20 to 39-year-old, resulting in a decreased UC-to-CD ratio.

Citations

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Inhibitory Effect of Metformin Therapy on the Incidence of Colorectal Advanced Adenomas in Patients With Diabetes
Yo Han Kim, Ran Noh, Sun Young Cho, Seong Jun Park, Soung Min Jeon, Hyun Deok Shin, Suk Bae Kim, Jeong Eun Shin
Intest Res 2015;13(2):145-152.   Published online April 27, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.2.145
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Metformin use has been associated with decreased colorectal cancer risk and mortality among diabetic patients. Recent research suggests that metformin use may decrease the incidence of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients with previous colorectal cancer. This study aimed to assess the clinical effect of metformin use on the development of colorectal adenomas in diabetic patients without previous colorectal cancer.

Methods

Among 604 consecutive diabetic patients who underwent colonoscopic surveillance after initial colonoscopy between January 2002 and June 2012, 240 patients without previous colorectal cancer were enrolled in this study and were divided in two groups: 151 patients receiving metformin and 89 patients not receiving metformin. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics as well as the colorectal adenoma incidence rate were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The incidence rate of total colorectal adenomas was not different according to metformin use (P=0.349). However, the advanced adenoma incidence rate was significantly lower in the metformin group compared with the non-metformin group (relative risk [RR], 0.09; P=0.011). Metformin use was independently associated with a decreased incidence of advanced colorectal adenomas after adjustment for clinically relevant factors (RR, 0.072; P=0.016). In addition, the cumulative development rate of advanced adenomas during follow-up was significantly lower in the metformin group compared with the non-metformin group (P=0.007).

Conclusions

Metformin use in diabetic patients without previous colorectal cancer is associated with a lower risk of advanced colorectal adenomas.

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