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IBD
The practice of fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease
Umang Arora, Saurabh Kedia, Vineet Ahuja
Intest Res 2024;22(1):44-64.   Published online November 21, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00085
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Current evidence posits a central role for gut microbiota and the metabolome in the pathogenesis and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been established as a means to manipulate this microbiome safely and sustainably. Several aspects of the technical improvement including pretreatment with antibiotics, use of frozen stool samples as well as short donor-to-recipient time are proposed to improve its response rates. Its efficacy in ulcerative colitis has been proven in clinical trials while data is emerging for Crohn’s disease. This review describes briefly the biology behind FMT, the available evidence for its use in IBD, and the host, recipient and procedural factors which determine the clinical outcomes.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Advances in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Gut Dysbiosis‐Related Diseases
    Shuna Hou, Jiachen Yu, Yongshuang Li, Duoyi Zhao, Zhiyu Zhang
    Advanced Science.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Gut Microbial Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Current Position and Future Developments
    Naveen Sivakumar, Ashwin Krishnamoorthy, Harshita Ryali, Ramesh P. Arasaradnam
    Biomedicines.2025; 13(3): 716.     CrossRef
  • Medical management of acute severe ulcerative colitis in the hospitalized patient
    Loren G Rabinowitz, Ajay Gade, Joseph D. Feuerstein
    Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2025; : 1.     CrossRef
  • Perception of fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with ulcerative colitis in Korea: a KASID multicenter study
    Jebyung Park, Sung Noh Hong, Hong Sub Lee, Jongbeom Shin, Eun Hye Oh, Kwangwoo Nam, Gyeol Seong, Hyun Gun Kim, Jin-Oh Kim, Seong Ran Jeon
    The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(5): 783.     CrossRef
  • Microbiome-based therapeutics for Parkinson's disease
    Adam M. Hamilton, Ian N. Krout, Alexandria C. White, Timothy R. Sampson
    Neurotherapeutics.2024; 21(6): e00462.     CrossRef
  • 5,741 View
  • 342 Download
  • 5 Crossref
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IBD
Gut microbiota in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of inflammatory bowel disease
Himani Pandey, Dheeraj Jain, Daryl W. T. Tang, Sunny H. Wong, Devi Lal
Intest Res 2024;22(1):15-43.   Published online November 8, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00080
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multifactorial disease, which is thought to be an interplay between genetic, environment, microbiota, and immune-mediated factors. Dysbiosis in the gut microbial composition, caused by antibiotics and diet, is closely related to the initiation and progression of IBD. Differences in gut microbiota composition between IBD patients and healthy individuals have been found, with reduced biodiversity of commensal microbes and colonization of opportunistic microbes in IBD patients. Gut microbiota can, therefore, potentially be used for diagnosing and prognosticating IBD, and predicting its treatment response. Currently, there are no curative therapies for IBD. Microbiota-based interventions, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, have been recognized as promising therapeutic strategies. Clinical studies and studies done in animal models have provided sufficient evidence that microbiota-based interventions may improve inflammation, the remission rate, and microscopic aspects of IBD. Further studies are required to better understand the mechanisms of action of such interventions. This will help in enhancing their effectiveness and developing personalized therapies. The present review summarizes the relationship between gut microbiota and IBD immunopathogenesis. It also discusses the use of gut microbiota as a noninvasive biomarker and potential therapeutic option.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Jinbo Xiong, Zunji Shi
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    Giorgio Vivacqua, Romina Mancinelli, Stefano Leone, Rosa Vaccaro, Ludovica Garro, Simone Carotti, Ludovica Ceci, Paolo Onori, Luigi Pannarale, Antonio Franchitto, Eugenio Gaudio, Arianna Casini
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    ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science.2024; 7(4): 967.     CrossRef
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    Nutrients.2024; 16(16): 2668.     CrossRef
  • The emerging role of the gut microbiota and its application in inflammatory bowel disease
    Xiu Wang, Jianhua Peng, Peipei Cai, Yuxuan Xia, Chengxue Yi, Anquan Shang, Francis Atim Akanyibah, Fei Mao
    Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2024; 179: 117302.     CrossRef
  • Bifidogenic Effect of Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Pediatric IBD Fecal Microbiota
    Nize Otaru, Danica Bajic, Pieter Van den Abbeele, Saskia Vande Velde, Stephanie Van Biervliet, Robert E. Steinert, Ateequr Rehman
    Microorganisms.2024; 12(10): 1977.     CrossRef
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    BMC Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 10,424 View
  • 470 Download
  • 20 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
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Case Report
Inflammatory bowel diseases
Incidental benefits after fecal microbiota transplant for ulcerative colitis
Ramit Mahajan, Vandana Midha, Arshdeep Singh, Varun Mehta, Yogesh Gupta, Kirandeep Kaur, Ritu Sudhakar, Anmol Singh Pannu, Dharmatma Singh, Ajit Sood
Intest Res 2020;18(3):337-340.   Published online April 22, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2019.00108
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Gut dysbiosis can result in several diseases, including infections (Clostridium difficile infection and infectious gastroenteritis), autoimmune diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and allergic disorders), behavioral disorders and other conditions like metabolic syndrome and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Amongst various therapies targeting gut microbiome, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is becoming a focus in the public media and peer reviewed literature. We have been using FMT for induction of remission in patients with moderate to severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) and also for subsequent maintenance of remission. Four cases reported incidental benefits while being treated with FMT for UC. These included weight loss (n=1), improvement in hair loss (n=1), amelioration of axial arthritis (n=1) and improvement in allergic rhinitis (n=1), thereby suggesting potential clinical applications of FMT in treating extraintestinal diseases associated with gut dysbiosis.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Fecal microbiota transplantation in allergic diseases
    Ece Tüsüz Önata, Öner Özdemir
    World Journal of Methodology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • 16S rRNA sequencing-based evaluation of the protective effects of key gut microbiota on inhaled allergen-induced allergic rhinitis
    Yi Tang, Yongchuan She, Danping Chen, Yibo Zhou, Dan Xie, Zhai Liu
    Frontiers in Microbiology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture.2024; 104(3): 1679.     CrossRef
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    Exploration of Medicine.2024; : 127.     CrossRef
  • Compositional changes in fecal microbiota associated with clinical phenotypes and prognosis in Korean patients with inflammatory bowel disease
    Seung Yong Shin, Young Kim, Won-Seok Kim, Jung Min Moon, Kang-Moon Lee, Sung-Ae Jung, Hyesook Park, Eun Young Huh, Byung Chang Kim, Soo Chan Lee, Chang Hwan Choi
    Intestinal Research.2023; 21(1): 148.     CrossRef
  • Case report: Fecal microbiota transplantation in refractory ankylosing spondylitis
    Lei Wang, Zhimin Wei, Fei Pan, Chuan Song, Lihua Peng, Yunsheng Yang, Feng Huang
    Frontiers in Immunology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Chang Soo Eun
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  • 175 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 11 Crossref
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Review
IBD
Current new challenges in the management of ulcerative colitis
Tomohiro Fukuda, Makoto Naganuma, Takanori Kanai
Intest Res 2019;17(1):36-44.   Published online January 25, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00126
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the cause of UC is postulated to be multifactorial in nature, including genetic predisposition, epithelial barrier defects, dysregulation of immune responses, and environmental factors, the specific pathogenesis of UC is still incompletely understood. In the treatment of UC so far, a method of suppressing immunity and treating it has been mainstream. Immunosuppressant drugs, including thiopurines (azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine), anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) antibody (infliximab and adalimumab), and calcineurin inhibitor, can be used in treat patients with corticosteroid-dependent and/or corticosteroid-refractory moderateto- severe UC. Recently, in addition to such a conventional therapeutic agent, golimumab, which is the first transgenic human monoclonal anti-TNF-α antibody to be fabricated, anti α-4/β-7 integrin antibody, and Janus kinase inhibitor have been reported to novel immunosuppressant therapy. Furthermore, other treatments with unique mechanisms different from immunosuppression, have also been suggested, including fecal microbiota transplantation and Indigo naturalis, which is a Chinese herbal medicine. We compared the features and efficacy of these new treatments. In this issue, the features and treatment options for these new treatments is reviewed.

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Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Hoon Gil Jo, Geom Seog Seo
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    Seong Kyun Kim, Ho-Su Lee, Beom-Jun Kim, Jin Hwa Park, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park, Masanao Nakamura
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    You Sun Kim
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(9): 596.     CrossRef
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    Joo Hye Song, Eun Ae Kang, Soo-Kyung Park, Sung Noh Hong, You Sun Kim, Ki Bae Bang, Kyeong Ok Kim, Hong Sub Lee, Sang-Bum Kang, Seung Yong Shin, Eun Mi Song, Jong Pil Im, Chang Hwan Choi
    Gut and Liver.2021; 15(5): 752.     CrossRef
  • Treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases: focusing on biologic agents and new therapies
    Hyo Yeop Song, Geom Seog Seo
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(9): 605.     CrossRef
  • Current status of inflammatory bowel diseases in Korea
    Suk-Kyun Yang
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(9): 572.     CrossRef
  • Intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel diseases
    Chang Soo Eun
    Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(9): 588.     CrossRef
  • Does cytomegalovirus load predict the outcome of acute severe ulcerative colitis?
    You Sun Kim
    Intestinal Research.2021; 19(4): 357.     CrossRef
  • Clinical Course of COVID-19 in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Korea: a KASID Multicenter Study
    Jin Wook Lee, Eun Mi Song, Sung-Ae Jung, Sung Hoon Jung, Kwang Woo Kim, Seong-Joon Koh, Hyun Jung Lee, Seung Wook Hong, Jin Hwa Park, Sung Wook Hwang, Dong-Hoon Yang, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sang Hyoung Park
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Soo-Kyung Park, Sangsoo Kim, Gi-Young Lee, Sung-Yoon Kim, Wan Kim, Chil-Woo Lee, Jong-Lyul Park, Chang-Hwan Choi, Sang-Bum Kang, Tae-Oh Kim, Ki-Bae Bang, Jaeyoung Chun, Jae-Myung Cha, Jong-Pil Im, Kwang-Sung Ahn, Seon-Young Kim, Dong-Il Park
    Diagnostics.2021; 11(12): 2365.     CrossRef
  • Pharmacogenetics-based personalized treatment in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A review
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Original Article
IBD
Efficacy of fecal microbiota therapy in steroid dependent ulcerative colitis: a real world intention-to-treat analysis
Ajit Sood, Ramit Mahajan, Garima Juyal, Vandana Midha, Charanpreet Singh Grewal, Varun Mehta, Arshdeep Singh, Mohan C Joshi, Vikram Narang, Kirandeep Kaur, Hasrat Sidhu
Intest Res 2019;17(1):78-86.   Published online November 20, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00089
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Four high-quality randomized controlled trials have proven the efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in active ulcerative colitis (UC). We assessed the efficacy of FMT in a real-world setting involving steroid-dependent patients with UC.
Methods
This was a single-center prospective analysis of data from steroid-dependent patients with UC treated with FMT from September 2015 to September 2017 at the Dayanand Medical College, a tertiary care center in India. Fecal samples from random unrelated donors were administered through colonoscopy at weeks 0, 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22. The primary outcome was achievement of steroid-free clinical remission, and the secondary outcomes were clinical response and endoscopic remission at 24 weeks. Modified intention-to-treat analysis was performed, which included subjects who underwent at least 1 FMT.
Results
Of 345 patients with UC treated during the study period, 49 (14.2%) had steroid-dependent UC. Of these 49 patients, 41 underwent FMT: 33 completed 7 sessions over 22 weeks according to the protocol, and 8 discontinued treatment (non-response, 5; lost to follow-up, 2; and fear of adverse effects, 1). At week 24, steroid-free clinical remission was achieved in 19 out of 41 (46.3%) patients, whereas clinical response and endoscopic remission were achieved in 31 out of 41 (75.6%) and 26 out of 41 (63.4%) patients, respectively. All patients with clinical response were able to withdraw steroids. There were no serious adverse events necessitating discontinuation.
Conclusions
A multisession FMT via the colonoscopic route is a promising therapeutic option for patients with steroid-dependent UC, as it can induce clinical remission and aid in steroid withdrawal.

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Review
IBD
Why is it so difficult to evaluate faecal microbiota transplantation as a treatment for ulcerative colitis?
Natalie Grace Fairhurst, Simon P. L. Travis
Intest Res 2018;16(2):209-215.   Published online April 30, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.2.209
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has recently re-emerged as a viable therapeutic option for colonic disorders. Its efficacy has been proved in the treatment of Clostridium difficile infection which has encouraged research into the use of FMT for other disorders involving gut dysbiosis, such as ulcerative colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by relapsing and remitting colonic inflammation. Although the FMT protocol for C. difficile treatment is well established, there are numerous additional factors to consider when applying FMT to treat inflammatory diseases. Various studies have attempted to address these factors but technical inconsistency between reports has resulted in a failure to achieve clinically significant findings. Case reports of FMT in UC have shown favorable outcomes yet demonstrating these effects on a larger scale has proved difficult. The following review aims to explore these issues and to analyze why they may be hindering the progression of FMT therapy in UC.

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Case Reports
IBD
Fecal microbiota transplantation for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection in a patient with ulcerative colitis
Kosaku Nanki, Shinta Mizuno, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Keiko Ono, Shinya Sugimoto, Hiroki Kiyohara, Mari Arai, Moeko Nakashima, Kozue Takeshita, Keiichiro Saigusa, Mitsutoshi Senoh, Tadashi Fukuda, Makoto Naganuma, Haru Kato, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Takanori Kanai
Intest Res 2018;16(1):142-146.   Published online January 18, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.142
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has been reported as a safe and effective therapy in patients with refractory and recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). FMT has also been reported as a promising therapy in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Both, CDI and UC, are believed to be caused by dysbiosis, such as altered compositions or decreased diversity of the intestinal microbiota. This report describes a patient with UC in remission with a second recurrent episode of CDI, who was treated with FMT. A single FMT performed via colonoscopy completely resolved the patient's diarrhea and eradicated C. difficile bacteriologically without any severe complications. Molecular biological analysis of the patient's fecal microbiota showed that FMT could dramatically change the altered composition of intestinal microbiota and restore its diversity. Despite the restoration of the intestinal microbiota, FMT could not prevent a relapse of UC in this patient. However, it improved the intestinal symptoms of CDI and could prevent further recurrences of CDI.

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Fecal microbiota transplantation for refractory Crohn's disease
Seon Ho Bak, Hyun Ho Choi, Jinhee Lee, Mi Hee Kim, Youn Hee Lee, Jin Su Kim, Young-Seok Cho
Intest Res 2017;15(2):244-248.   Published online April 27, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2017.15.2.244
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

Approximately one-third of patients with Crohn's disease do not respond to conventional treatments, and some experience significant adverse effects, such as serious infections and lymphoma, and many patients require surgery due to complications. Increasing evidence suggests that specific changes in the composition of gut microbiota, termed as dysbiosis, are a common feature in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Dysbiosis can lead to activation of the mucosal immune system, resulting in chronic inflammation and the development of mucosal lesions. Recently, fecal microbiota transplantation, aimed at modifying the composition of gut microbiota to overcome dysbiosis, has become a potential alternative therapeutic option for IBD. Herein, we present a patient with Crohn's colitis in whom biologic therapy failed previously, but clinical remission and endoscopic improvement was achieved after a single fecal microbiota transplantation infusion.

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Original Article
Single fecal microbiota transplantation failed to change intestinal microbiota and had limited effectiveness against ulcerative colitis in Japanese patients
Shinta Mizuno, Kosaku Nanki, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Keiichiro Saigusa, Keiko Ono, Mari Arai, Shinya Sugimoto, Hiroki Kiyohara, Moeko Nakashima, Kozue Takeshita, Makoto Naganuma, Wataru Suda, Masahira Hattori, Takanori Kanai
Intest Res 2017;15(1):68-74.   Published online January 31, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2017.15.1.68
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Recent developments in analytical techniques including next-generation sequencing have clarified the correlation between intestinal microbiota and inflammatory bowel disease. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is proposed as a potential approach to resolving their dysbiosis; however, its safety and efficacy have not been confirmed. This single-arm, open-label, non-randomized study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of FMT for Japanese patients with UC as the first registered clinical trial in Japan.

Methods

We enrolled 10 patients with active UC despite medical therapy. The donors were the patients' relatives and were carefully screened for infectious diseases. Fecal material was administered via colonoscopy, and the primary endpoint was the presence or absence of serious adverse events related to FMT. The secondary endpoint was a change in partial Mayo score at 12 weeks post-FMT. Scores ≤2 were considered a clinical response. Fecal samples were collected to follow changes in gut microbiota, while extracted complementary DNA were analyzed by a next-generation sequencer. We obtained written informed consent from all patients and donors. This study was approved by our Institutional Review Board and is registered in the University hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN 000012814).

Results

Five patients with moderate disease and five with severe disease were enrolled. No severe adverse effects were observed. One patient achieved clinical response; however, none of the patients' microbiota diversity recovered to the donor levels.

Conclusions

The use of single FMT for UC was safe; however, we failed to show its clinical efficacy and potential to change the intestinal microbiota.

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Case Report
Refractory Clostridium difficile Infection Cured With Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus Colonized Patient
Mi-Ok Jang, Jun Hwan An, Sook-In Jung, Kyung-Hwa Park
Intest Res 2015;13(1):80-84.   Published online January 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.1.80
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader

The rates and severity of Clostridium difficile infections, including pseudomembranous colitis, have increased markedly. However, there are few effective treatments for refractory or recurrent C. difficile infections and the outcomes are poor. Fecal microbiota transplantation is becoming increasingly accepted as an effective and safe intervention in patients with recurrent disease, likely due to the restoration of a disrupted microbiome. Cure rates of >90% are being consistently reported from multiple centers. We cured a case of severe refractory C. difficile infection with fecal microbiota transplantation in a patient colonized by vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.

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