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Colorectal neoplasia
Pathogenesis and biomarkers of colorectal cancer by epigenetic alteration
Chang Kyo Oh, Young-Seok Cho
Intest Res 2024;22(2):131-151.   Published online February 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2023.00115
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in cancer incidence and stands as the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. CRC tumorigenesis results from a cumulative set of genetic and epigenetic alterations, disrupting cancer-regulatory processes like cell proliferation, metabolism, angiogenesis, cell death, invasion, and metastasis. Key epigenetic modifications observed in cancers encompass abnormal DNA methylation, atypical histone modifications, and irregularities in noncoding RNAs, such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs. The advancement in genomic technologies has positioned these genetic and epigenetic shifts as potential clinical biomarkers for CRC patients. This review concisely covers the fundamental principles of CRC-associated epigenetic changes, and examines in detail their emerging role as biomarkers for early detection, prognosis, and treatment response prediction.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Influence of Lifestyles on Polyp Burden and Cancer Development in Hereditary Colorectal Cancer Syndromes
    Hye Kyung Hyun, Ji Soo Park, Jihye Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2025; 40(2): 433.     CrossRef
  • The role of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 in inflammatory bowel disease and its associated colorectal cancer
    Pengfei Zhang, Bing Pei, Chengxue Yi, Francis Atim Akanyibah, Fei Mao
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease.2025; 1871(2): 167578.     CrossRef
  • Chronic Kidney Disease Increases Risk of Delayed Post‐Polypectomy Bleeding: A Large‐Scale Propensity Score‐Matched Analysis
    Hye Kyung Hyun, Nak‐Hoon Son, So Hyeon Gwon, Hyun Chul Lim, Jihye Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim, Tae‐Hyun Yoo, Shin‐Wook Kang, Hae‐Ryong Yun, Cheal Wung Huh
    United European Gastroenterology Journal.2025; 13(5): 759.     CrossRef
  • An overview of potential of natural compounds to regulate epigenetic modifications in colorectal cancer: a recent update
    Susmita Roy, Dikshita Deka, Suresh Babu Kondaveeti, Pavithra Ayyadurai, Sravani Siripragada, Neha Philip, Surajit Pathak, Asim K. Duttaroy, Antara Banerjee
    Epigenetics.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Minimum Platelet Count Threshold for Safe Colonoscopic Polypectomy: A Large-Scale Propensity Scored-Matched Analysis
    Hye Kyung Hyun, Nak-Hoon Son, Cheal Wung Huh, Hyun Chul Lim, So Hyeon Gwon, Jihye Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Jun Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Tae Il Kim
    American Journal of Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Anthocyanins: From Natural Colorants to Potent Anticancer Agents
    Muhammad Maaz, Muhammad Tauseef Sultan, Ahmad Mujtaba Noman, Shehnshah Zafar, Naima Tariq, Muzzamal Hussain, Muhammad Imran, Ahmed Mujtaba, Tadesse Fenta Yehuala, Ehab M. Mostafa, Samy Selim, Soad K. Al Jaouni, Suliman A. Alsagaby, Waleed Al Abdulmonem
    Food Science & Nutrition.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Hsa-miR-21-5p and Hsa-miR-145-5p Expression: From Normal Tissue to Malignant Changes—Context-Dependent Correlation with Estrogen- and Hypoxia–Vascularization-Related Pathways Genes: A Pilot Study
    Mateusz Górecki, Aleksandra Żbikowska, Małgorzata Tokłowicz, Stefan Sajdak, Monika Englert-Golon, Mirosław Andrusiewicz
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(9): 4461.     CrossRef
  • Epigenetically Regulating Non-coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Promises and Potentials
    Zahra Taheri, Majid Zaki-Dizaji
    Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases.2025; 17(1): 40.     CrossRef
  • Elevated Methylation Contributes to Suppressed Expression of Special AT‐Rich Sequence‐Binding Protein 2 in Colorectal Cancer: A Gene‐Disease Association Study
    Weitong Cui, Cong Lu, Huaru Xue, Lei Wei, Shuai Li, Lianzheng Su, Dianfang Wei, Xiaoyu Feng, Kai Wang, Chao Song
    Health Science Reports.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Integrative multi-omics identification and functional validation of potential targets linking metabolism–immune–colorectal cancer causal pathway
    Zequn Zheng, Xiaoling Xu
    Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Identification of isatin-triazole-benzenesulfonamide hybrids as dual hCA IX/XII and c-met inhibitors with hypoxia-mediated chemo-sensitizing activity
    Wagdy M. Eldehna, Mohamed R. Elnagar, Simone Giovannuzzi, Amr Tayel, Maha-Hamadien Abdulla, Noura S. Alhassan, Moataz A. Shaldam, Alessio Nocentini, Claudiu T. Supuran, Haytham O. Tawfik
    Bioorganic Chemistry.2025; 166: 109071.     CrossRef
  • TET methylcytosine dioxygenases in cancer: Orchestrators of pathogenesis, immunity, immunotherapy, and chemoresistance
    Yukai Zhang, Jian Li, Juan Liu
    International Immunopharmacology.2025; 167: 115622.     CrossRef
  • miR-3065-5p and miR-26a-5p as Clinical Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: A Translational Study
    Berenice Carbajal-López, Antonio Daniel Martínez-Gutierrez, Eduardo O. Madrigal-Santillán, Germán Calderillo-Ruiz, José Antonio Morales-González, Jossimar Coronel-Hernández, Joey Lockhart, Oliver Millan-Catalan, Monica G. Mendoza-Rodriguez, Leonardo S. Li
    Cancers.2024; 16(21): 3649.     CrossRef
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  • 15 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
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Clinical Application of Genetics in Management of Colorectal Cancer
Eun Ran Kim, Young-Ho Kim
Intest Res 2014;12(3):184-193.   Published online July 25, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2014.12.3.184
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReaderePub

The extensive study of genetic alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to molecular diagnostics playing an increasingly important role in CRC diagnosis and treatment. Currently, it is believed that CRC is a consequence of the accumulation of both genetic and epigenetic genomic alterations. It is known that there are at least 3 major pathways that lead to colorectal carcinogenesis: (1) the chromosomal instability pathway, (2) the microsatellite instability pathway, and (3) the cytosine-phospho-guanine island methylator phenotype pathway. With recent advances in CRC genetics, the identification of specific molecular alterations responsible for CRC pathogenesis has directly influences clinical care. Patients at high risk for developing CRC can be identified by genetic testing for specific molecular alterations, and the use of molecular biomarkers for predictive and prognostic purposes is also increasing. This is clearly supported by the recent advances in genetic testing for CRC whereby specific molecular alterations are identified for the purpose of guiding treatment with targeting therapies such as anti-endothelial growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Randomized non-inferiority single-center prospective trial of malignant colonic obstruction therapy with Self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) endoscopic placement or stoma formation
    I.E. Gorovaia, P.V. Tsarkov, P.V. Pavlov, I.A. Tulina, V.I. Zhurkovskiy
    Endoscopic Surgery.2024; 30(2): 5.     CrossRef
  • Survival of colorectal cancer patients in Brunei Darussalam: comparison between 2002–09 and 2010–17
    Shirley H. F. Lee, Hanif Abdul Rahman, Nadiah Abidin, Sok King Ong, Elvynna Leong, Lin Naing
    BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Three-year colonoscopy surveillance after polypectomy in Korea: a Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases (KASID) multicenter prospective study
    Won Seok Choi, Dong Soo Han, Chang Soo Eun, Dong Il Park, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Dong-Hoon Yang, Sung-Ae Jung, Sang Kil Lee, Sung Pil Hong, Cheol Hee Park, Suck-Ho Lee, Jeong-Seon Ji, Sung Jae Shin, Bora Keum, Hyun Soo Kim, Jung Hye Choi, Sin-Ho Jung
    Intestinal Research.2018; 16(1): 126.     CrossRef
  • Genetic and epigenetic alterations of colorectal cancer
    Sung Noh Hong
    Intestinal Research.2018; 16(3): 327.     CrossRef
  • Hepatitis B Virus Infection Is Independently Associated With Advanced Colorectal Adenoma
    Su Hwan Kim, Ji Won Kim, Kook Lae Lee, Seohui Lee, Seong-Joon Koh, Ji Bong Jeong, Byeong Gwan Kim
    The American Journal of the Medical Sciences.2018; 356(2): 141.     CrossRef
  • Is methylation analysis ofSFRP2,TFPI2,NDRG4, andBMP3promoters suitable for colorectal cancer screening in the Korean population?
    Soo-Kyung Park, Hae Lim Baek, Junghee Yu, Ji Yeon Kim, Hyo-Joon Yang, Yoon Suk Jung, Kyu Yong Choi, Hungdai Kim, Hyung Ook Kim, Kyung Uk Jeong, Ho-Kyung Chun, Kyungeun Kim, Dong Il Park
    Intestinal Research.2017; 15(4): 495.     CrossRef
  • Malformin A1 treatment alters invasive and oncogenic phenotypes of human colorectal cancer cells through stimulation of the p38 signaling pathway
    Sun-Young Park, Hyung-Hoon Oh, Young-Lan Park, Hyung-Min Yu, Dae-Seong Myung, Sung-Bum Cho, Wan-Sik Lee, Daeho Park, Young-Eun Joo
    International Journal of Oncology.2017; 51(3): 959.     CrossRef
  • Expression of inositol-requiring enzyme 1β is downregulated in colorectal cancer
    Yalin Jiang, Yunfeng Zhou, Yufeng Zheng, Hong Guo, Lei Gao, Pan Chen, Dandan Feng, Ran Qi, Xiaozhen Li, Yongchao Chang, Fong-Fong Chu, Qiang Gao
    Oncology Letters.2017; 13(3): 1109.     CrossRef
  • Obesity-related parameters and colorectal adenoma development
    Tae Jun Kim, Jee Eun Kim, Yoon-Ho Choi, Sung Noh Hong, Young-Ho Kim, Dong Kyung Chang, Poong-Lyul Rhee, Min-Ji Kim, Sin-Ho Jung, Hee Jung Son
    Journal of Gastroenterology.2017; 52(12): 1221.     CrossRef
  • The differential expression of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid metabolising enzymes in colorectal cancer and its prognostic significance
    Abdo Alnabulsi, Rebecca Swan, Beatriz Cash, Ayham Alnabulsi, Graeme I Murray
    British Journal of Cancer.2017; 116(12): 1612.     CrossRef
  • Myofibroblasts of the muscle layer stimulate the malignant potential of colorectal cancer
    Masafumi Takatsuna, Satoko Morohashi, Tadashi Yoshizawa, Hideaki Hirai, Toshihiro Haga, Rie Ota, Yunyan Wu, Hajime Morohashi, Kenichi Hakamada, Shuji Terai, Hiroshi Kijima
    Oncology Reports.2016; 36(3): 1251.     CrossRef
  • Fecal hemoglobin concentration is useful for risk stratification of advanced colorectal neoplasia
    Nam Hee Kim, Min-Jung Kwon, Hyun-young Kim, Taeheon Lee, Seok Hyeon Jeong, Dong Il Park, Kyuyong Choi, Yoon Suk Jung
    Digestive and Liver Disease.2016; 48(6): 667.     CrossRef
  • Statin use and the risk of colorectal adenoma: A meta‐analysis
    Yoon Suk Jung, Chan Hyuk Park, Chang Soo Eun, Dong Il Park, Dong Soo Han
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2016; 31(11): 1823.     CrossRef
  • Effect of Recepteur d'Origine Nantais expression on chemosensitivity and tumor cell behavior in colorectal cancer
    NURI KIM, SUNG-BUM CHO, YOUNG-LAN PARK, SUN-YOUNG PARK, EUN MYUNG, SEUNG-HUN KIM, HYUNG-MIN YU, YOUNG-AE SON, DAE-SEONG MYUNG, WAN-SIK LEE, YOUNG-EUN JOO
    Oncology Reports.2016; 35(6): 3331.     CrossRef
  • Field Cancerization in Sporadic Colon Cancer
    Soo-Kyung Park, Chang Seok Song, Hyo-Joon Yang, Yoon Suk Jung, Kyu Yong Choi, Dong Hoe Koo, Kyung Eun Kim, Kyung Uk Jeong, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim, Ho-Kyung Chun, Dong Il Park
    Gut and Liver.2016; 10(5): 773.     CrossRef
  • Impact of KITENIN on tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in colorectal cancer
    HYUNG-HOON OH, KANG-JIN PARK, NURI KIM, SUN-YOUNG PARK, YOUNG-LAN PARK, CHAN-YOUNG OAK, DAE-SEONG MYUNG, SUNG-BUM CHO, WAN-SIK LEE, KYUNG-KEUN KIM, YOUNG-EUN JOO
    Oncology Reports.2016; 35(1): 253.     CrossRef
  • Risk Factors Such as Male Sex, Smoking, Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Fatty Liver Do Not Justify Screening Colonoscopies Before Age 45
    Yoon Suk Jung, Kyung Eun Yun, Yoosoo Chang, Seungho Ryu, Dong Il Park
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2016; 61(4): 1021.     CrossRef
  • Does Low Threshold Value Use Improve Proximal Neoplasia Detection by Fecal Immunochemical Test?
    Nam Hee Kim, Hyo-Joon Yang, Soo-Kyung Park, Jung Ho Park, Dong Il Park, Chong Il Sohn, Kyuyong Choi, Yoon Suk Jung
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2016; 61(9): 2685.     CrossRef
  • Long-Term Outcome and Prognostic Factors of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer in Young Patients
    Tae Jun Kim, Eun Ran Kim, Sung Noh Hong, Dong Kyung Chang, Young-Ho Kim
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  • Does Stenting as a Bridge to Surgery in Left-Sided Colorectal Cancer Obstruction Really Worsen Oncological Outcomes?
    Min Seob Kwak, Wan Soo Kim, Jeong-Mi Lee, Dong-Hoon Yang, Yong Sik Yoon, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim, Jeong-Sik Byeon
    Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2016; 59(8): 725.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia According to the Number of High-Risk Findings at Index Colonoscopy: A Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease (KASID) Study
    Yoon Suk Jung, Dong Il Park, Won Hee Kim, Chang Soo Eun, Soo-Kyung Park, Bong Min Ko, Geom Seog Seo, Jae Myung Cha, Jae Jun Park, Kyeong Ok Kim, Chang Mo Moon, Yunho Jung, Eun Soo Kim, Seong Ran Jeon, Chang Kyun Lee
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2016; 61(6): 1661.     CrossRef
  • Risk of Colorectal Neoplasia According to Fatty Liver Severity and Presence of Gall Bladder Polyps
    Taeyoung Lee, Kyung Eun Yun, Yoosoo Chang, Seungho Ryu, Dong Il Park, Kyuyong Choi, Yoon Suk Jung
    Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2016; 61(1): 317.     CrossRef
  • Associations between amount of smoking and alcohol intake and risk of colorectal neoplasm
    Yoon Suk Jung, Hwanseok Jung, Kyung Eun Yun, Seungho Ryu, Yoosoo Chang, Dong Il Park, Kyuyong Choi
    Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2016; 31(4): 788.     CrossRef
  • Filamin A interacting protein 1-like expression inhibits progression in colorectal cancer
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  • 10,235 View
  • 39 Download
  • 40 Web of Science
  • 34 Crossref
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