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Original Article
Endoscopy
Effect of gut microbiome on minor complications after a colonoscopy
Jae Hyun Kim, Youn Jung Choi, Hye Jung Kwon, Kyoungwon Jung, Sung Eun Kim, Won Moon, Moo In Park, Seun Ja Park
Intest Res 2021;19(3):341-348.   Published online November 10, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2020.00057
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary MaterialPubReaderePub
Background/Aims
Minor complications that might occur after colonoscopy, including abdominal discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation, could a barrier for patients to undergo a screening colonoscopy. In this study, we aimed to identify the effect of gut microbial diversity and composition on minor complications after colonoscopy.
Methods
A total of 24 healthy subjects provided their stools before bowel preparation and on the 7th and 28th day after colonoscopy. On the 7th day after colonoscopy, the presence of minor complications was investigated using a questionnaire. We divided patients into 2 groups, the no complication group and complications group. The fecal microbial diversity, distribution, and composition were then compared between the groups.
Results
Five of the 24 subjects reported that they had undergone minor complications after colonoscopy. Most of the symptoms were mild and self-limited, but 1 patient needed medication. Interestingly, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the initial stool samples before bowel preparation in the complication group was significantly higher than that in no complication group. After bowel preparation, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio of the complication group decreased, but not in the no complication group. The microbial diversity of the no complication group decreased after bowel preparation, but not in the complication group.
Conclusions
The gut microbial composition and diversity before and after bowel preparation could be considered as one of the causes of minor complications after colonoscopy. Further studies are needed to delineate the role of gut microbiota in the occurrence of minor complications after colonoscopy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Post-Colonoscopy Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Mechanisms, Clinical Consequences, and the Role of Diet in Microbiota Recovery
    Patrycja Krynicka, Ariel Liebert, Luiza Frańczak, Wiktoria Moncznikowska, Marianna Hoffman, Amelia Żuchlińska, Wiktoria Dalak, Maria Kłopocka
    Gastroenterology Insights.2026; 17(2): 27.     CrossRef
  • Alteration in gut microbiota after colonoscopy: proposed mechanisms and the role of probiotic interventions
    Hyeong Ho Jo, Moon Young Lee, Se Eun Ha, Dong Han Yeom, Yong Sung Kim
    Clinical Endoscopy.2025; 58(1): 25.     CrossRef
  • Effects of Brown Rice, Meal Replacements, and Anti-Obesity Drugs on Mitochondria in Obese Rats
    Dian Handayani, Anisa Handayani, Achmad Rudijanto, Puspita Nuraissa, Widya Rahmawati, Xu-Feng Huang
    Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity.2025; Volume 18: 3151.     CrossRef
  • Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Where We Stand and What Is Next
    Dai Ishikawa, Xiaochen Zhang, Kei Nomura, Akihito Nagahara
    Inflammatory Intestinal Diseases.2025; 10(1): 371.     CrossRef
  • Depressive Symptoms and Gut Microbiota after Bowel Preparation and Colonoscopy: A Pre–Post Intervention Study
    Amelia J. McGuinness, Martin O’Hely, Douglas Stupart, David Watters, Samantha L. Dawson, Christopher Hair, Michael Berk, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Amy Loughman, Glenn Guest, Felice N. Jacka
    Microorganisms.2024; 12(10): 1960.     CrossRef
  • Benefits of Probiotic Pretreatment on the Gut Microbiota and Minor Complications after Bowel Preparation for Colonoscopy: A Randomized Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial
    Dooheon Son, Youn Jung Choi, Min Young Son, Won Moon, Seun Ja Park, Sanghyun Lim, Jae Hyun Kim
    Nutrients.2023; 15(5): 1141.     CrossRef
  • Key determinants of success in fecal microbiota transplantation: From microbiome to clinic
    Serena Porcari, Nicolas Benech, Mireia Valles-Colomer, Nicola Segata, Antonio Gasbarrini, Giovanni Cammarota, Harry Sokol, Gianluca Ianiro
    Cell Host & Microbe.2023; 31(5): 712.     CrossRef
  • Colonoscopy: body and psyche. Can psychiatry contribute to the quality of the examination?
    Adam Zaczek, Robert Pudlo
    Current Problems of Psychiatry.2023; 24: 253.     CrossRef
  • CO2 Is Beneficial to Gut Microbiota Homeostasis during Colonoscopy: Randomized Controlled Trial
    Xue Yang, Wen-Bo Xiu, Jin-Xia Wang, Liang-Ping Li, Chong He, Cai-Ping Gao
    Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(18): 5281.     CrossRef
  • Novel frontiers of agents for bowel cleansing for colonoscopy
    Milena Di Leo, Andrea Iannone, Monica Arena, Giuseppe Losurdo, Maria Angela Palamara, Giuseppe Iabichino, Pierluigi Consolo, Maria Rendina, Carmelo Luigiano, Alfredo Di Leo
    World Journal of Gastroenterology.2021; 27(45): 7748.     CrossRef
  • 12,472 View
  • 208 Download
  • 7 Web of Science
  • 10 Crossref
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Case Report
Anaphylactic Shock Caused by Ingestion of Polyethylene Glycol
Sun Hee Lee, Jae Myung Cha, Joung Il Lee, Kwang Ro Joo, Hyun Phil Shin, Il Hyun Baek, Jung Won Jeon, Jun Uk Lim, Jung Lok Lee, Hyae Min Lee, Young-Hak Cho
Intest Res 2015;13(1):90-94.   Published online January 29, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2015.13.1.90
AbstractAbstract PDFPubReader

Colonoscopy is the current standard method for evaluation of the colon. The diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic safety of colonoscopy depend on the quality of colonic cleansing and preparation. Generally, all these preparations have been demonstrated to be safe for use in healthy individuals without significant comorbid conditions. Based on safety and efficacy concerns, polyethylene glycol (PEG) is most commonly utilized as a bowel preparation solution for colonoscopy. Adverse events in patients receiving PEG are mostly clinically non-significant. However, fatal adverse events rarely have been shown to occur in the few individuals who experience vomiting or aspiration. Anaphylactic shock associated with ingestion of PEG electrolyte solution is an extremely rare fatal complication, and reported mainly in Western countries. Here, we report the first case of anaphylactic shock following the ingestion of PEG solution in Korea.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • NMR Assessment of the High Order Structure of Biological Therapeutics in Erythrocytes Provides a Tool for Drug Delivery Design
    Luis Padilla-Cortés, Giulia Roxana Gheorghita, Francesco Currò, Rebecca Calamandrei, Bianca Susini, Sara Callozzo, Giulia Crivello, Pasquale Russomanno, Enrico Ravera, Linda Cerofolini, Marco Fragai
    Journal of the American Chemical Society.2025; 147(30): 26379.     CrossRef
  • Polyethylene Glycol-induced Hypersensitivity in Adenocarcinoma Patient
    Varunsingh Saggu, Khushboo Tejpal Chavda, Smit P Mistry, Prashantkumar Babubhai Patel
    Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Health Care.2025; 17(4): 443.     CrossRef
  • Poly(Ethylene Glycols) to Facilitate Celloidin Removal for Immunohistochemical Studies on Archival Human Brain and Temporal Bone Sections
    David Bächinger, Jennifer T. O’Malley, Morris Wolf, Stephane Bérnhard, M. Charles Liberman, Mark W. Tibbitt, Andreas H. Eckhard
    Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry.2024; 72(7): 419.     CrossRef
  • Anaphylatoxin Complement 5a in Pfizer BNT162b2-Induced Immediate-Type Vaccine Hypersensitivity Reactions
    Xin Rong Lim, Grace Yin Lai Chan, Justina Wei Lynn Tan, Carol Yee Leng Ng, Choon Guan Chua, Guat Bee Tan, Stephrene Seok Wei Chan, Kiat Hoe Ong, Ying Zhi Tan, Sarah Hui Zhen Tan, Claire Min Li Teo, Samuel Shang Ming Lee, Bernard Yu Hor Thong, Bernard Pui
    Vaccines.2023; 11(6): 1020.     CrossRef
  • Anaphylactic shock induced by polyethylene glycol after bowel preparation for the colorectal cancer surgery: A case report
    Go Woon Park, Nahyeon Park, Jung Cheol Kuk, Eung Jin Shin, Dae Ro Lim
    World Journal of Clinical Cases.2023; 11(23): 5589.     CrossRef
  • Neither iatrogenic nor hereditary cause: A rare case of anaphylaxis to low sorb tubing used for infusions
    Amber Gibson, Muhammad Usman Baig, Sana Mohiuddin, Wafik Zaky
    Pediatric Blood & Cancer.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Anaphylaxis associated with the mRNA COVID-19 vaccines: Approach to allergy investigation
    Viktorija Erdeljic Turk
    Clinical Immunology.2021; 227: 108748.     CrossRef
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    Eun Hee Chung
    Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease.2021; 9(3): 124.     CrossRef
  • Polyethylene Glycol Immunogenicity: Theoretical, Clinical, and Practical Aspects of Anti-Polyethylene Glycol Antibodies
    Bing-Mae Chen, Tian-Lu Cheng, Steve R. Roffler
    ACS Nano.2021; 15(9): 14022.     CrossRef
  • Anaphylaxis due to macrogol in a laxative solution with a positive basophil activation test
    Nicola Giangrande, Jesús Miguel García-Menaya, Mariana Marcos-Fernández, Carmen Cámara-Hijón, Pedro Bobadilla-González
    Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology.2019; 123(3): 302.     CrossRef
  • Anaphylaxis due to polyethylene glycol: A case report
    Tae-Se Kim, Dong-Chull Choi, Byung-Jae Lee
    Allergy, Asthma & Respiratory Disease.2018; 6(5): 274.     CrossRef
  • Hyponatremic Seizures After Polyethylene Glycol Bowel Preparation: The Elderly at Risk
    Arjun Saradna, Shyam Shankar, Parita Soni, Chetana Pendkar, Abhinav Saxena, Yizhak Kupfer, Stephan Kamholz
    American Journal of Therapeutics.2018; 25(6): e779.     CrossRef
  • Anaphylaxis During Intracardiac and Endovascular Implantations: A Multifactorial Problem Involving Kounis Syndrome
    Nicholas G. Kounis, Ioanna Koniari, George Soufras, Grigorios Tsigkas, George Hahalis
    Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2017; 31(3): 804.     CrossRef
  • “Bowel prep hyponatremia“ – a state of acute water intoxication facilitated by low dietary solute intake: case report and literature review
    Martin Windpessl, Christoph Schwarz, Manfred Wallner
    BMC Nephrology.2017;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Immediate‐type hypersensitivity to polyethylene glycols: a review
    E. Wenande, L. H. Garvey
    Clinical & Experimental Allergy.2016; 46(7): 907.     CrossRef
  • Anaphylaxis to Polyethylene Glycol (Colyte®) in a Patient with Diverticulitis
    So-Hee Lee, Sun Hyuk Hwang, Jin Soo Park, Hae-Sim Park, Yoo Seob Shin
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2016; 31(10): 1662.     CrossRef
  • Pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies are associated with severe immediate allergic reactions to pegnivacogin, a PEGylated aptamer
    Thomas J. Povsic, Monica G. Lawrence, A. Michael Lincoff, Roxana Mehran, Christopher P. Rusconi, Steven L. Zelenkofske, Zhen Huang, Jeffrey Sailstad, Paul W. Armstrong, P. Gabriel Steg, Christoph Bode, Richard C. Becker, John H. Alexander, N. Franklin Adk
    Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology.2016; 138(6): 1712.     CrossRef
  • Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)-Induced Anaphylactic Reaction During Bowel Preparation
    David Gachoka
    ACG Case Reports Journal.2015; 2(1): 216.     CrossRef
  • 17,033 View
  • 67 Download
  • 21 Web of Science
  • 18 Crossref
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