Intestinal Research

Review

IBD

Optimizing 5-aminosalicylate for moderate ulcerative colitis: expert recommendations from the Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa Inflammatory Bowel Disease Coalition: Filiz Akyüz, Yoon Kyo An, Jakob Begun, Satimai Aniwan, Huu Hoang Bui, Webber Chan, Chang Hwan Choi, Nazeer Chopdat, Susan J Connor, Devendra Desai, Emma Flanagan, Taku Kobayashi, Allen Yu-Hung Lai, Rupert W Leong, Alex Hwong-Ruey Leow, Wai Keung Leung, Julajak Limsrivilai, Virly Nanda Muzellina, Kiran Peddi, Zhihua Ran, Shu Chen Wei, Jose Sollano, Michelle Mui Hian Teo, Kaichun Wu, Byong Duk Ye, Choon Jin Ooi; Intest Res 2025;23(1):37-55. Published online November 4, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2024.00089

The lack of clear definition and classification for “moderate ulcerative colitis (UC)” creates ambiguity regarding the suitability of step-up versus top-down treatment approaches. In this paper, experts address crucial gaps in assessing and managing moderate UC. The Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Africa Inflammatory Bowel Disease Coalition comprised 24 experts who convened to share, discuss and vote electronically on management recommendations for moderate UC. Experts emphasized that the goal of treating UC is to attain clinical, biomarker, and endoscopic remission using cost-effective strategies such as 5-aminosalicylates (5-ASAs), well-tolerated therapy that can be optimized to improve outcomes. Experts agreed that 5-ASA therapy could be optimized by maximizing dosage (4 g/day for induction of remission), combining oral and topical administration, extending treatment duration beyond 8 weeks, and enhancing patient adherence through personalized counselling and reduced pill burden. Treatment escalation should ideally be reserved for patients with predictors of aggressive disease or those who do not respond to 5-ASA optimization. Premature treatment escalation to advanced therapies (including biologics and oral small molecules) may have long-term health and financial consequences. This paper provides consensus-based expert recommendations and a treatment algorithm, based on current evidence and practices, to assist decision-making in real-world settings.

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Inflammatory bowel disease in Africa: the current landscape of pharmacological treatments and the promise of emerging innovations
Murtada A. Oshi
Exploration of Drug Science.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

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379 Download
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Original Articles

IBD

Drug therapy and monitoring for inflammatory bowel disease: a multinational questionnaire investigation in Asia: Chenwen Cai, Juntao Lu, Lijie Lai, Dongjuan Song, Jun Shen, Jinlu Tong, Qing Zheng, Kaichun Wu, Jiaming Qian, Zhihua Ran; Intest Res 2022;20(2):213-223. Published online April 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2021.00031

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material PubReader ePub

Background/Aims
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising in Asia recently. The study aimed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the current status of drug therapy and monitoring for IBD in Asia.
Methods
A questionnaire investigation on drug therapy and monitoring for IBD was conducted right before the 6th Annual Meeting of Asian Organization for Crohn’s & Colitis. Questionnaires were provided to Asian physicians to fill out via emails between March and May 2018.
Results
In total, responses of 166 physicians from 129 medical centers were included for analysis. Among the surveyed regions, the most average number of IBD specialist gastroenterologists and nurses was 4.8 per center in Taiwan and 2.5 per center in Mainland China, respectively. 5-Aminosalicylic acid/sulfasalazine (99.4%) was the most preferred first-line choice for mild-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC), meanwhile corticosteroid (83.7%) was widely applied for severe UC. The first-line medication for Crohn’s disease (CD) markedly varied as corticosteroid (68.1%) was the most favored in Mainland China, Japan, and South Korea, followed by infliximab (52.4%) and azathioprine (47.0%). Step-up strategy was preferred in mild-moderate UC (96.4%), while 51.8% of the physicians selected top-down treatment for CD. Only 25.9% and 17.5% of the physicians could test blood concentration of infliximab and antibody to infliximab in their hospitals, respectively.
Conclusions
The current status of drug therapy and monitoring for IBD in Asia possesses commonalities as well as differences. Asian recommendations, IBD specialist teams and practice of therapeutic drug monitoring are required to improve IBD management in Asia.

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Ryan C Ungaro, Harisha Kadali, Wenwen Zhang, Shashi Adsul, Walter Reinisch
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WITHDRAWN:Knowledge and viewpoints on biosimilar monoclonal antibodies from members of the Asian Organization of Crohn’s and Colitis: comparison with European Crohn’s and Colitis members: Soo-Kyung Park, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Zhihua Ran, Shu-Chen Wei, Dong Il Park; Received June 12, 2018 Accepted October 6, 2018 Published online November 12, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.00084

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Muna Oqal, Bushra Hijazi, Abdelrahim Alqudah, Ahmad Al-Smadi, Basima A Almomani, Roaa Alnajjar, Majd Abu Ghunaim, Mohammad Irshaid, Aroob Husam, Gergely Feher
International Journal of Clinical Practice.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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Special Review

IBD

Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 1: risk assessment: Dong Il Park, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Minhu Chen, Siew Chien Ng, Choon Jin Ooi, Shu Chen Wei, Rupa Banerjee, Ida Normiha Hilmi, Yoon Tae Jeen, Dong Soo Han, Hyo Jong Kim, Zhihua Ran, Kaichun Wu, Jiaming Qian, Pin-Jin Hu, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Akira Andoh, Yasuo Suzuki, Kentaro Sugano, Mamoru Watanabe, Toshifumi Hibi, Amarender S. Puri, Suk-Kyun Yang; Intest Res 2018;16(1):4-16. Published online January 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.4

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection and prevention of latent TB infection, and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment. Twenty-three consensus statements were initially drafted and then discussed by the committee members. The quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations were assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Web-based consensus voting was performed by 211 IBD specialists from 9 Asian countries concerning each statement. A consensus statement was accepted if at least 75% of the participants agreed. Part 1 of the statements comprised 2 parts: risk of TB infection Recommendaduring anti-TNF therapy, and screening for TB infection prior to commencing anti-TNF therapy. These consensus statements will help clinicians optimize patient outcomes by reducing the morbidity and mortality related to TB infections in patients with IBD receiving anti-TNF treatment.

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Special Review: Consensus on TB in IBD

IBD

Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology consensus on tuberculosis infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment. Part 2: management: Dong Il Park, Tadakazu Hisamatsu, Minhu Chen, Siew Chien Ng, Choon Jin Ooi, Shu Chen Wei, Rupa Banerjee, Ida Normiha Hilmi, Yoon Tae Jeen, Dong Soo Han, Hyo Jong Kim, Zhihua Ran, Kaichun Wu, Jiaming Qian, Pin-Jin Hu, Katsuyoshi Matsuoka, Akira Andoh, Yasuo Suzuki, Kentaro Sugano, Mamoru Watanabe, Toshifumi Hibi, Amarender S. Puri, Suk-Kyun Yang; Intest Res 2018;16(1):17-25. Published online January 18, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2018.16.1.17

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

Because anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy has become increasingly popular in many Asian countries, the risk of developing active tuberculosis (TB) among anti-TNF users may raise serious health problems in this region. Thus, the Asian Organization for Crohn's and Colitis and the Asia Pacific Association of Gastroenterology have developed a set of consensus statements about risk assessment, detection and prevention of latent TB infection, and management of active TB infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) receiving anti-TNF treatment. Twenty-three consensus statements were initially drafted and then discussed by the committee members. The quality of evidence and the strength of recommendations were assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Web-based consensus voting was performed by 211 IBD specialists from 9 Asian countries concerning each statement. A consensus statement was accepted if at least 75% of the participants agreed. Part 2 of the statements comprised 3 parts: management of latent TB in preparation for anti-TNF therapy, monitoring during anti-TNF therapy, and management of an active TB infection after anti-TNF therapy. These consensus statements will help clinicians optimize patient outcomes by reducing the morbidity and mortality related to TB infections in patients with IBD receiving anti-TNF treatment.

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Jihye Kim, Jong Pil Im, Jae-Joon Yim, Chang Kyun Lee, Dong Il Park, Chang Soo Eun, Sung-Ae Jung, Jeong Eun Shin, Kang-Moon Lee, Jae Hee Cheon
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Xiaolong Ge, Huaying Liu, Shasha Tang, Yan Wu, Yipeng Pan, Wei Liu, Weilin Qi, Lingna Ye, Qian Cao, Wei Zhou
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Comparison of outcomes of continuation/discontinuation of 5-aminosalicylic acid after initiation of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Youn I Choi, Tae Jun Kim, Dong Kyun Park, Jun-won Chung, Kyoung Oh Kim, Kwang An Kwon, Yoon Jae Kim
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2019; 34(10): 1713. CrossRef
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High risk of tuberculosis during infliximab therapy despite tuberculosis screening in inflammatory bowel disease patients in India
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Intestinal Research.2018; 16(4): 588. CrossRef

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Original Article

Status of serum vitamin B₁₂ and folate in patients with inflammatory bowel disease in China: Shaozhong Huang, Jiayi Ma, Mingming Zhu, Zhihua Ran; Intest Res 2017;15(1):103-108. Published online January 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5217/ir.2017.15.1.103

Abstract PDF PubReader ePub

<b>Background/Aims</b><br/>

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) primarily involves the intestinal tract and can affect vitamin absorption. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiencies in patients with IBD, and to identify the risk factors associated with abnormal serum vitamin B₁₂ and folate levels.

Methods

We evaluated the medical records of 195 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and 62 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and selected 118 healthy subjects for the control group.

Results

There were more CD patients with vitamin B₁₂ deficiency than UC patients (14.9% vs. 3.2%, P=0.014) and controls (14.9% vs. 4.2%, P=0.003). The prevalence of folate deficiency was higher in CD patients than in controls (13.3% vs. 3.4%, P=0.004). There were no significant differences in the serum vitamin B₁₂ and folate statuses of the UC and control groups. Patients with prior ileal or ileocolic resection showed a higher prevalence of abnormal vitamin B₁₂ levels than those without prior resection (n=6/16, n=23/179; P=0.018). A disease duration within 5 years was a risk factor of abnormal folate levels in CD patients.

Conclusions

This study showed that vitamin B₁₂ and folate deficiencies were more common in patients with CD than in UC patients and controls. Prior ileal or ileocolonic resection was a risk factor of serum vitamin B₁₂ abnormalities, and a disease duration within 5 years was a risk factor of low serum folate levels in CD patients.

Citations

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