Intest Res > Volume 17(1); 2019 > Article |
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FINANCIAL SUPPORT
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTION
Conceptualization: Ong WC and Cheen HH. Methodology: Ong WC, Chenn HH, Wee HL, and Lim TG. Formal analysis: Ho YM, Hu W, Lee YY, Gao C, Tan YZ, Cheen HH, and Ong WC. Funding acquisition: Nil. Project administration: Wee HL and Lim TG. Visualization: Ho YM, Hu W, Lee YY, Gao C, Tan YZ, Cheen HH, and Ong WC. Writing-original draft: Ho YM, Hu W, Lee YY, Gao C, Tan YZ, Cheen HH, and Ong WC.
Characteristics | All patients (n=195) | UC (n=103) | CD (n=92) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographics | ||||
Age (yr) | 47.1±15.3 | 51.4±13.6 | 42.3±15.8 | <0.001 |
Sex | 0.200 | |||
Male | 131 (67.2) | 65 (63.1) | 66 (71.7) | |
Female | 64 (32.8) | 38 (36.9) | 26 (28.3) | |
Race | 0.992 | |||
Chinese | 123 (63.1) | 65 (63.1) | 58 (63.0) | |
Malay | 16 (8.2) | 8 (7.8) | 8 (8.7) | |
Indian | 50 (25.6) | 27 (26.2) | 23 (25.0) | |
Eurasian/others | 6 (3.1) | 3 (2.9) | 3 (3.3) | |
Educational level | 0.146 | |||
Non-tertiary | 74 (37.9) | 44 (42.7) | 30 (32.6) | |
Tertiary & above | 121 (62.1) | 59 (57.3) | 62 (67.4) | |
Employment status | 0.880 | |||
Non-employed | 52 (26.7) | 27 (26.2) | 25 (27.2) | |
Employed | 143 (73.3) | 76 (73.8) | 67 (72.8) | |
Monthly income status | 0.658 | |||
Low (<$3,000) | 105 (53.8) | 57 (55.3) | 48 (52.2) | |
High (≥$3,000) | 90 (46.2) | 46 (44.7) | 44 (47.8) | |
Housing type | 0.206 | |||
Public | 158 (81.0) | 80 (77.7) | 78 (84.8) | |
Private | 37 (19.0) | 23 (22.3) | 14 (15.2) | |
Marital status | 0.016 | |||
Single | 52 (26.7) | 18 (17.5) | 34 (36.9) | |
Married | 136 (69.7) | 80 (77.6) | 56 (60.9) | |
Widowed | 5 (2.6) | 4 (3.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
Divorced | 2 (1.0) | 1 (1.0) | 1 (1.1) | |
Smoking status | 0.314 | |||
Non-smoker | 148 (75.9) | 81 (78.7) | 67 (72.8) | |
Smoker | 17 (8.7) | 6 (5.8) | 11 (12.0) | |
Former-smoker | 30 (15.4) | 16 (15.5) | 14 (15.2) | |
CCI | 0.26±0.69 | 0.32±0.66 | 0.18±0.71 | 0.007 |
Clinical characteristics | ||||
Disease duration (yr) | 11.2±9.0 | 12.6±9.6 | 9.6±8.0 | 0.018 |
Disease activity | 0.012 | |||
Remission | 144 (73.8) | 67 (65.1) | 77 (83.7) | |
Mild | 47 (24.1) | 33 (32.0) | 14 (15.2) | |
Moderate | 4 (2.1) | 3 (2.9) | 1 (1.1) | |
Severe | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
CD: disease location | ||||
Ileitis | - | - | 29 (31.5) | |
Ileocolitis | - | - | 39 (42.4) | |
Colitis | - | - | 22 (23.9) | |
Isolated upper GIT | - | - | 2 (2.2) | |
CD: disease behavior | - | |||
Nonstricturing, nonpenetrating | - | - | 52 (56.5) | |
Stricturing | - | - | 15 (16.3) | |
Fistulising | - | - | 12 (13.1) | |
Stricturing & fistulising | - | - | 13 (14.1) | |
CD: perianal disease | - | - | 14 (15.2) | - |
UC: type | - | |||
Proctitis | - | 16 (15.5) | - | |
Proctosigmoiditis | - | 22 (21.4) | - | |
Left-sided colitis | - | 27 (26.2) | - | |
Pancolitis | - | 34 (33.0) | - | |
Pouchitis | - | 4 (3.9) | - | |
Treatment modalities | ||||
5-Aminosalicylates | 148 (75.9) | 100 (97.1) | 48 (52.2) | <0.001 |
Immunomodulators | 92 (47.2) | 24 (23.3) | 68 (73.9) | <0.001 |
Corticosteroids | 31 (15.9) | 15 (14.6) | 16 (17.4) | 0.590 |
Biologics | 44 (22.6) | 7 (6.8) | 37 (40.2) | <0.001 |
Medication adherence | 0.181 | |||
Adherent (MARS ≥20) | 166 (85.1) | 91 (88.3) | 75 (81.5) | |
Non-adherent (MARS <20) | 29 (14.9) | 12 (11.7) | 17 (18.5) | |
Extraintestinal manifestations | 0.059 | |||
Yes | 14 (7.2) | 4 (3.9) | 10 (10.9) | |
No | 181 (92.8) | 99 (96.1) | 82 (89.1) | |
CRP (mg/L)a | 0.852 | |||
≤9.1 | 160 (82.1) | 83 (80.6) | 77 (83.7) | |
>9.1 | 26 (13.3) | 14 (13.6) | 12 (13.0) | |
FC (μg/g)b | 0.036 | |||
≤200 | 67 (34.4) | 39 (37.9) | 28 (30.5) | |
>200 | 74 (37.9) | 30 (29.1) | 44 (47.8) | |
Hospitalizations over 1 yr | 0.55±1.39 | 0.37±1.35 | 0.75±1.41 | 0.001 |
Surgeries over 1 yr | 0.01±0.10 | 0.00±0.00 | 0.02±0.15 | 0.134 |
Statistical significance: aP<0.05, bP<0.01, cP<0.001.
SIBDQ, short IBD questionnaire; SF-36 PCS, physical component summary of Short Form-36; SF-36 MCS, mental component summary of Short Form-36; EQ-5D-3L, EuroQol 5-dimensions 3-levels; VAS, visual analogue scale of EuroQol-5D; MARS, Medication Adherence Report Scale.