1. Yang SK, Yun S, Kim JH, et al. Epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in the Songpa-Kangdong district, Seoul, Korea, 1986-2005: a KASID study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008;14:542-549.PMID:
17941073.
2. Yao T, Matsui T, Hiwatashi N. Crohn's disease in Japan: diagnostic criteria and epidemiology. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:S85-S93.PMID:
11052483.
3. Lok KH, Hung HG, Ng CH, et al. Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of ulcerative colitis in Chinese population: experience from a single center in Hong Kong. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:406-410.PMID:
17623033.
4. Thia KT, Luman W, Jin OC. Crohn's disease runs a more aggressive course in young Asian patients. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12:57-61.PMID:
16374260.
5. Kitahora T, Utsunomiya T, Yokota A. The Epidemiology Group of the Research Committee of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Japan. Epidemiological study of ulcerative colitis in Japan: incidence and familial occurrence. J Gastroenterol 1995;30(Suppl 8): 5-8.PMID:
8563890.
6. Morita N, Toki S, Hirohashi T, et al. Incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease in Japan: nationwide epidemiological survey during the year 1991. J Gastroenterol 1995;30(Suppl 8): 1-4.PMID:
8563866.
7. Leong RW, Lau JY, Sung JJ. The epidemiology and phenotype of Crohn's disease in the Chinese population. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004;10:646-651.PMID:
15472528.
8. Chow DK, Leong RW, Tsoi KK, et al. Long-term follow-up of ulcerative colitis in the Chinese population. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:647-654.PMID:
19262521.
9. Shin DH, Sinn DH, Kim YH, et al. Increasing incidence of inflammatory bowel disease among young men in Korea between 2003 and 2008. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:1154-1159.PMID:
20844953.
10. Sood A, Midha V, Sood N, Bhatia AS, Avasthi G. Incidence and prevalence of ulcerative colitis in Punjab, North India. Gut 2003;52:1587-1590.PMID:
14570727.
11. Asakura K, Nishiwaki Y, Inoue N, Hibi T, Watanabe M, Takebayashi T. Prevalence of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Japan. J Gastroenterol 2009;44:659-665.PMID:
19424654.
12. Higashi A, Watanabe Y, Ozasa K, Hayashi K, Aoike A, Kawai K. Prevalence and mortality of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease in Japan. Gastroenterol Jpn 1988;23:521-526.PMID:
3215436.
13. Sung JJ, Hsu RK, Chan FK, Liew CT, Lau JW, Li AK. Crohn's disease in the Chinese population. An experience from Hong Kong. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1307-1309.PMID:
7995164.
14. Zheng JJ, Zhu XS, Huangfu Z, Shi XH, Guo ZR. Prevalence and incidence rates of Crohn's disease in mainland China: a meta-analysis of 55 years of research. J Dig Dis 2010;11:161-166.PMID:
20579219.
15. Ng SC, Tang W, Ching JY, et al. Incidence and phenotype of inflammatory bowel disease based on results from the Asia-pacific Crohn's and colitis epidemiology study. Gastroenterology 2013;145:158-165.PMID:
23583432.
16. Thia KT, Loftus EV Jr, Sandborn WJ, Yang SK. An update on the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:3167-3182.PMID:
19086963.
17. Jemal A, Bray F, Center MM, Ferlay J, Ward E, Forman D. Global cancer statistics. CA Cancer J Clin 2011;61:69-90.PMID:
21296855.
18. Yiu HY, Whittemore AS, Shibata A. Increasing colorectal cancer incidence rates in Japan. Int J Cancer 2004;109:777-781.PMID:
14999789.
19. Bae JM, Jung KW, Won YJ. Estimation of cancer deaths in Korea for the upcoming years. J Korean Med Sci 2002;17:611-615.PMID:
12378010.
20. Yang L, Parkin DM, Li L, Chen Y. Time trends in cancer mortality in China: 1987-1999. Int J Cancer 2003;106:771-783.PMID:
12866039.
21. Hirabayashi Y, Tanaka S. Comparison of time trends in colorectal cancer incidence (1973-97) in East Asia, Europe and USA, from Cancer Incidence in Five Continents Vol. IV-VIII. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2007;37:325-327.PMID:
17553824.
22. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C, Parkin DM. Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer 2010;127:2893-2917.PMID:
21351269.
23. Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Hankin JH, Kolonel LN, Lyu LC. A case-control study of diet and colorectal cancer in a multiethnic population in Hawaii (United States): lipids and foods of animal origin. Cancer Causes Control 1997;8:637-648.PMID:
9242481.
24. Xie J, Itzkowitz SH. Cancer in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:378-389.PMID:
18200660.
25. Neurath MF, Fuss I, Schurmann G, et al. Cytokine gene transcription by NF-kappa B family members in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998;859:149-159.PMID:
9928378.
26. Shanahan F. Inflammatory bowel disease: immunodiagnostics, immunotherapeutics, and ecotherapeutics. Gastroenterology 2001;120:622-635.PMID:
11179240.
27. Berg DJ, Davidson N, Kuhn R, et al. Enterocolitis and colon cancer in interleukin-10-deficient mice are associated with aberrant cytokine production and CD4(+) TH1-like responses. J Clin Invest 1996;98:1010-1020.PMID:
8770874.
28. Terzic J, Grivennikov S, Karin E, Karin M. Inflammation and colon cancer. Gastroenterology 2010;138:2101-2114.PMID:
20420949.
29. Ekbom A, Helmick C, Zack M, Adami HO. Ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer. A population-based study. N Engl J Med 1990;323:1228-1233.PMID:
2215606.
30. Gyde SN, Prior P, Allan RN, et al. Colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a cohort study of primary referrals from three centres. Gut 1988;29:206-217.PMID:
3345932.
31. Langholz E, Munkholm P, Davidsen M, Binder V. Colorectal cancer risk and mortality in patients with ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1992;103:1444-1451.PMID:
1358741.
32. Rutegard JN, Ahsgren LR, Janunger KG. Ulcerative colitis. Colorectal cancer risk in an unselected population. Ann Surg 1988;208:721-724.PMID:
3196092.
33. Stonnington CM, Phillips SF, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ 3rd. Prognosis of chronic ulcerative colitis in a community. Gut 1987;28:1261-1266.PMID:
3678956.
34. Park SH, Kim YM, Yang SK, et al. Clinical features and natural history of ulcerative colitis in Korea. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007;13:278-283.PMID:
17206722.
35. Wang Y, Ouyang Q. Ulcerative colitis in China: retrospective analysis of 3100 hospitalized patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:1450-1455.PMID:
17716349.
36. Ling KL, Ooi CJ, Luman W, Cheong WK, Choen FS, Ng HS. Clinical characteristics of ulcerative colitis in Singapore, a multiracial city-state. J Clin Gastroenterol 2002;35:144-148.PMID:
12172359.
37. Jiang L, Xia B, Li J, et al. Retrospective survey of 452 patients with inflammatory bowel disease in Wuhan city, central China. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12:212-217.PMID:
16534423.
38. Kochhar R, Goenka MK, Kaushik SP, Gupta NM, Nagi B, Mehta SK. Colorectal carcinoma in Indian patients with idiopathic ulcerative colitis. Eur J Cancer Prev 1992;1:293-296.PMID:
1467777.
39. Kim BJ, Yang SK, Kim JS, et al. Trends of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer in Korea: A KASID study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:667-671.PMID:
19378391.
40. Gong W, Lv N, Wang B, et al. Risk of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer in China: a multi-center retrospective study. Dig Dis Sci 2012;57:503-507.PMID:
21938485.
41. Ooi CJ, Fock KM, Makharia GK, et al. The Asia-Pacific consensus on ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:453-468.PMID:
20370724.
42. Eaden JA, Abrams KR, Mayberry JF. The risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis: a meta-analysis. Gut 2001;48:526-535.PMID:
11247898.
43. Venkataraman S, Mohan V, Ramakrishna BS, et al. Risk of colorectal cancer in ulcerative colitis in India. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20:705-709.PMID:
15853982.
45. Wei SC, Shieh MJ, Chang MC, Chang YT, Wang CY, Wong JM. Long-term follow-up of ulcerative colitis in Taiwan. J Chin Med Assoc 2012;75:151-155.PMID:
22541142.
46. Mizushima T, Ohno Y, Nakajima K, et al. Malignancy in Crohn's disease: incidence and clinical characteristics in Japan. Digestion 2010;81:265-270.PMID:
20134166.
47. Yano Y, Matsui T, Uno H, Hirai F, Futami K, Iwashita A. Risks and clinical features of colorectal cancer complicating Crohn's disease in Japanese patients. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;23:1683-1688.PMID:
18752557.
48. Lakatos L, Mester G, Erdelyi Z, et al. Risk factors for ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer in a Hungarian cohort of patients with ulcerative colitis: results of a population-based study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12:205-211.PMID:
16534422.
49. Rhodes JM, Campbell BJ. Inflammation and colorectal cancer: IBD-associated and sporadic cancer compared. Trends Mol Med 2002;8:10-16.PMID:
11796261.
50. Muto T, Nagawa H, Watanabe T, Masaki T, Sawada T. Colorectal carcinogenesis: historical review. Dis Colon Rectum 1997;40:S80-S85.PMID:
9378018.
51. Vogelstein B, Fearon ER, Hamilton SR, et al. Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development. N Engl J Med 1988;319:525-532.PMID:
2841597.
52. Brentnall TA, Crispin DA, Rabinovitch PS, et al. Mutations in the p53 gene: an early marker of neoplastic progression in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1994;107:369-378.PMID:
8039614.
53. Watanabe T, Kobunai T, Toda E, et al. Gene expression signature and the prediction of ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer by DNA microarray. Clin Cancer Res 2007;13:415-420.PMID:
17255260.
54. Takada H, Ohsawa T, Iwamoto S, et al. Changing site distribution of colorectal cancer in Japan. Dis Colon Rectum 2002;45:1249-1254.PMID:
12352244.
55. Goh KL, Quek KF, Yeo GT, et al. Colorectal cancer in Asians: a demographic and anatomic survey in Malaysian patients undergoing colonoscopy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;22:859-864.PMID:
16225496.
56. Huang J, Seow A, Shi CY, Lee HP. Colorectal carcinoma among ethnic Chinese in Singapore: trends in incidence rate by anatomic subsite from 1968 to 1992. Cancer 1999;85:2519-2525.PMID:
10375097.
57. Yamaji Y, Mitsushima T, Ikuma H, et al. Right-side shift of colorectal adenomas with aging. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:453-458.PMID:
16500395.
58. Watanabe T, Konishi T, Kishimoto J, Kotake K, Muto T, Sugihara K. Ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer shows a poorer survival than sporadic colorectal cancer: a nationwide Japanese study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:802-808.PMID:
20848547.
59. Murthy S, Flanigan A, Clearfield H. Colorectal cancer in inflammatory bowel disease: molecular and clinical features. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2002;31:551-564.PMID:
12134618.
60. Tahara T, Inoue N, Hisamatsu T, et al. Clinical significance of microsatellite instability in the inflamed mucosa for the prediction of colonic neoplasms in patients with ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20:710-715.PMID:
15853983.
61. van Dieren JM, Wink JC, Vissers KJ, et al. Chromosomal and microsatellite instability of adenocarcinomas and dysplastic lesions (DALM) in ulcerative colitis. Diagn Mol Pathol 2006;15:216-222.PMID:
17122649.
62. Zisman TL, Rubin DT. Colorectal cancer and dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:2662-2669.PMID:
18461651.
64. Biancone L, Michetti P, Travis S, et al. European evidence-based Consensus on the management of ulcerative colitis: Special situations. J Crohns Colitis 2008;2:63-92.PMID:
21172196.
65. Cairns SR, Scholefield JH, Steele RJ, et al. Guidelines for colorectal cancer screening and surveillance in moderate and high risk groups (update from 2002). Gut 2010;59:666-689.PMID:
20427401.
66. Eaden JA, Mayberry JF. Guidelines for screening and surveillance of asymptomatic colorectal cancer in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2002;51(Suppl 5): V10-V12.PMID:
12221032.
67. Kornbluth A, Sachar DB. Ulcerative colitis practice guidelines in adults (update): American College of Gastroenterology, Practice Parameters Committee. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1371-1385.PMID:
15233681.
68. Winawer S, Fletcher R, Rex D, et al. Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance: clinical guidelines and rationale-Update based on new evidence. Gastroenterology 2003;124:544-560.PMID:
12557158.
69. Connell WR, Lennard-Jones JE, Williams CB, Talbot IC, Price AB, Wilkinson KH. Factors affecting the outcome of endoscopic surveillance for cancer in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1994;107:934-944.PMID:
7926483.
70. Rubin CE, Haggitt RC, Burmer GC, et al. DNA aneuploidy in colonic biopsies predicts future development of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 1992;103:1611-1620.PMID:
1426881.
71. Rodriguez SA, Eisen GM. Surveillance and management of dysplasia in ulcerative colitis by U.S. gastroenterologists: in truth, a good performance. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;66:1070PMID:
17963902.
72. van Rijn AF, Fockens P, Siersema PD, Oldenburg B. Adherence to surveillance guidelines for dysplasia and colorectal carcinoma in ulcerative and Crohn's colitis patients in the Netherlands. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:226-230.PMID:
19132774.
73. Bernstein CN, Shanahan F, Weinstein WM. Are we telling patients the truth about surveillance colonoscopy in ulcerative colitis. Lancet 1994;343:71-74.PMID:
7903776.
74. Jensen AB, Larsen M, Gislum M, et al. Survival after colorectal cancer in patients with ulcerative colitis: a nationwide population-based Danish study. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1283-1287.PMID:
16771950.
75. Farraye FA, Odze RD, Eaden J, Itzkowitz SH. AGA technical review on the diagnosis and management of colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 2010;138:746-774.PMID:
20141809.
76. Velayos FS, Terdiman JP, Walsh JM. Effect of 5-aminosalicylate use on colorectal cancer and dysplasia risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis of observational studies. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1345-1353.PMID:
15929768.
77. Rutter M, Saunders B, Wilkinson K, et al. Severity of inflammation is a risk factor for colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2004;126:451-459.PMID:
14762782.
78. Ullman T, Croog V, Harpaz N, et al. Progression to colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: effect of mesalamine. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:1225-1230.PMID:
18848502.
79. Matula S, Croog V, Itzkowitz S, et al. Chemoprevention of colorectal neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: the effect of 6-mercaptopurine. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:1015-1021.PMID:
16234048.
80. Pardi DS, Loftus EV Jr, Kremers WK, Keach J, Lindor KD. Ursodeoxycholic acid as a chemopreventive agent in patients with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Gastroenterology 2003;124:889-893.PMID:
12671884.
81. Kiesslich R, Fritsch J, Holtmann M, et al. Methylene blue-aided chromoendoscopy for the detection of intraepithelial neoplasia and colon cancer in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2003;124:880-888.PMID:
12671882.
82. Hurlstone DP, Sanders DS, Lobo AJ, McAlindon ME, Cross SS. Indigo carmine-assisted high-magnification chromoscopic colonoscopy for the detection and characterisation of intraepithelial neoplasia in ulcerative colitis: a prospective evaluation. Endoscopy 2005;37:1186-1192.PMID:
16329015.
83. Kiesslich R, Goetz M, Lammersdorf K, et al. Chromoscopy-guided endomicroscopy increases the diagnostic yield of intraepithelial neoplasia in ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2007;132:874-882.PMID:
17383417.
84. Kuznetsov K, Lambert R, Rey JF. Narrow-band imaging: potential and limitations. Endoscopy 2006;38:76-81.PMID:
16429359.
85. Dekker E, van den Broek FJ, Reitsma JB, et al. Narrow-band imaging compared with conventional colonoscopy for the detection of dysplasia in patients with longstanding ulcerative colitis. Endoscopy 2007;39:216-221.PMID:
17385106.